發(fā)布時間：2018-10-23 11:54

【摘要】：微乳液(microemulsion)是由兩個或多個不混溶的液體通過加入表面活性劑所形成的熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定體系。這種微觀非均相體系能溶解極性和非極性物質(zhì)，，利用該體系合成的材料具有優(yōu)異的性能逐漸成為材料合成的研究熱點。它們已被應(yīng)用到很多領(lǐng)域如化學(xué)反應(yīng)，材料科學(xué)和制藥工業(yè)。微乳液的結(jié)構(gòu)及相關(guān)締合機理是當前關(guān)注的一個領(lǐng)域。本文主要研究以短鏈醇形成的Triton X-100/醇/異辛烷/水體系的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)，并利用W/O型單相微乳液合成納米顆粒，在此基礎(chǔ)上討論不同鏈長短鏈醇對微乳液結(jié)構(gòu)及合成材料的影響。具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章主要介紹了微乳液的基本概念和分類，稀釋法以及以微乳液為模板制備納米粒子的相關(guān)知識和背景，為選題提供研究思路。 第二、三、四章分別介紹了正丁醇、正戊醇和正己醇構(gòu)筑的Triton X-100/醇/異辛烷/水體系的性質(zhì)與結(jié)構(gòu)。研究主要從相行為、電導(dǎo)行為、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)以及合成材料方面進行： 首先，對各體系相行為進行分析，確定了形成穩(wěn)定Triton X-100/醇/異辛烷/水體系的最佳條件以及各相邊界圖，從而對性質(zhì)與結(jié)構(gòu)展開研究。 其次，研究了各體系的電導(dǎo)率，劃分了W/O、B.C.和O/W三種結(jié)構(gòu)單相區(qū)，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析體系的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)以及在滲濾理論基礎(chǔ)上的結(jié)構(gòu)改變。 然后，利用稀釋法研究體系微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，從理論上推導(dǎo)體系的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，包括水內(nèi)核半徑Rw、顆粒有效半徑Re等，從微觀角度認識體系的各個組成部分分散相，界面膜等。為運用該體系提供了理論依據(jù)，同時為進一步系統(tǒng)地研究各因素對微乳液結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的影響提供了方法。 最后，以Triton X-100/醇/異辛烷/水體系為模板合成CaCO3和BaSO4納米顆粒，分析微乳液模板和顆粒形貌和大小之間存在的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。Triton X-100分子有效覆蓋在粒子表面，以維持穩(wěn)定的微乳液結(jié)構(gòu)，為合成粒子提供穩(wěn)定的場所。 第五章結(jié)合微乳液微觀結(jié)構(gòu)以及合成材料的研究結(jié)果，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)不同鏈長的短鏈醇對TritonX-100/醇/異辛烷/水微乳液結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)有明顯影響，為將來進一步的工作提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Microemulsion (microemulsion) is a thermodynamically stable system formed by adding surfactant into two or more immiscible liquids. The micro heterogeneous system can dissolve polar and nonpolar materials, and the excellent properties of the materials synthesized by the system have gradually become the research focus of material synthesis. They have been used in many fields such as chemical reaction, material science and pharmaceutical industry. The structure and associated association mechanism of microemulsions are an area of concern. In this paper, the structure and properties of Triton X-100 / alcohol / isooctane / water system formed by short chain alcohols were studied, and the effects of different chains of long and short chain alcohols on the structure and synthetic materials of microemulsions were discussed based on the synthesis of nanocrystalline particles by W / O single-phase microemulsion. The main contents are as follows: in the first chapter, the basic concept and classification of microemulsion, the dilution method and the related knowledge and background of preparing nanoparticles using microemulsion as template are introduced. In the second, third and fourth chapters, the properties and structures of Triton X-100 / alcohol / isooctane / water system constructed by n-butanol, n-pentanol and n-hexanol are introduced respectively. The research is mainly carried out from the aspects of phase behavior, conductance behavior, microstructure parameters and synthetic materials. Firstly, the phase behavior of each system is analyzed. The optimum conditions for the formation of a stable Triton X-100 / alcohol / isooctane / water system and the boundary diagrams of each phase were determined, and the properties and structure of the system were studied. Secondly, the electrical conductivity of each system was studied, and the W / O _ (B. C) was divided into two parts. The microstructure of the system and the structural changes on the basis of percolation theory are analyzed on the basis of the single-phase region of three kinds of structure of O / W and O / W. Then, the microstructure of the system is studied by dilution method. The structural parameters of the system are deduced theoretically, including the effective radius of the water core Rw, particle, the effective radius of the particle, the dispersed phase and the interfacial membrane of the system from the microscopic point of view. It provides a theoretical basis for the application of the system, and provides a method for further systematic study of the influence of various factors on the structure parameters of microemulsion. Finally, CaCO3 and BaSO4 nanoparticles were synthesized using Triton X-100 / alcohol / isooctane / water system as templates. The relationship between the morphology and size of microemulsion templates and particles was analyzed. Triton X-100 molecules were effectively covered on the surface of the particles. In order to maintain a stable microemulsion structure, for synthetic particles to provide a stable place. In chapter 5, it is found that the short chain alcohol with different chain length has obvious influence on the structure and properties of TritonX-100/ alcohol / isooctane / water microemulsion, which provides the basis for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;O647.2

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