【摘要】：復合材料因其質(zhì)輕高強、比強度和比剛度高的優(yōu)良性能,使其在航空、軍事和汽車等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用廣受歡迎。但其脆硬性和可設(shè)計疊加層壓的制造工藝,卻成為鉆孔缺陷的誘因。針對纖維增強復合材料(Fiber Reinforced Plastics,FRP)的鉆孔缺陷問題,以FRP層合板為研究對象,采用有限元仿真分析鉆削加工過程中層合板的應(yīng)變響應(yīng);根據(jù)材料失效準則,對分層區(qū)域加以評價,并與實驗結(jié)果對比分析,進而闡釋FRP鉆孔分層缺陷的產(chǎn)生機理。論文主要內(nèi)容包括以下方面:首先,基于大量文獻,梳理FRP層合板出現(xiàn)的鉆孔缺陷,對各缺陷出現(xiàn)的已有主要原因進行分析總結(jié),并在此基礎(chǔ)上選取最易出現(xiàn)的分層缺陷加以研究。其次,采用ABAQUS有限元軟件,建立FRP層合板的二維沖擊和三維鉆孔有限元仿真模型;基于HASHIN和PUCK兩種材料失效準則,分析鉆削分層缺陷出現(xiàn)的條件,編制相應(yīng)的VUMAT用戶材料子程序,結(jié)合界面粘結(jié)單元(cohesive element)技術(shù),對碳纖維增強復合材料(Carbon Reinforced Plastics Fiber,CFRP)進行三維鉆削仿真,給出鉆孔過程的CFRP層合板鉆孔周圍的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分布,并對應(yīng)變的大小和所在的位置的關(guān)系加以分析。第三,基于仿真結(jié)果,制定傳感器布設(shè)方案,對玻璃纖維/環(huán)氧樹脂復合材料層合板(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic,GFRP),分別進行入口側(cè)、出口側(cè)的單側(cè)及雙側(cè)應(yīng)變響應(yīng)測試;分析復合材料層合板缺陷產(chǎn)生和分布特點,優(yōu)化CFRP層合板鉆孔實驗方案。第四,搭建CFRP層合板鉆孔應(yīng)變響應(yīng)監(jiān)測實驗平臺,采用雙鉆尖頂角的改良麻花鉆,分別對有、無墊板兩種支撐裝夾條件下的CFRP層合板進行鉆孔實驗。結(jié)果表明:墊板支撐有利于抑制分層缺陷的出現(xiàn);鉆孔周邊沿纖維方向更容易出現(xiàn)分層,同時伴有撕裂和毛邊缺陷;出口側(cè)的缺陷較入口側(cè)更為嚴重。對實驗結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果進行對比分析,二者在出現(xiàn)缺陷的形式及位置上基本吻合;同時,利用最大直徑比的方法對分層缺陷進行評價,其分層因子僅相差5.8%,仿真模型的有效性可在一定程度上對CFRP層合板鉆孔缺陷進行預測。
[Abstract]:Composite materials are widely used in aviation, military and automobile fields because of their excellent properties such as light and high strength, high specific strength and specific stiffness. However, its brittleness and design superimposed lamination process are the inducement of drilling defects. Aiming at the drilling defects of fiber reinforced composites (Fiber Reinforced Plastics,FRP), the strain response of middle laminates in drilling process was analyzed by finite element simulation, and the delamination region was evaluated according to the failure criterion of the material, taking the FRP laminated plate as the research object, and the finite element simulation was used to analyze the strain response of the middle laminates during drilling. Compared with the experimental results, the mechanism of FRP borehole delamination defects is explained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, based on a large number of literatures, the paper combs the hole defects in FRP laminates, and analyzes and summarizes the main causes of the defects. On the basis of this, the most easily occurring delamination defects are selected to be studied. Secondly, ABAQUS finite element software is used to establish the 2D impact and 3D drilling finite element simulation models of FRP laminated plates, and based on the failure criteria of HASHIN and PUCK, the conditions of delamination defects in drilling are analyzed. The corresponding VUMAT user material subprogram is compiled, and the three-dimensional drilling simulation of carbon fiber reinforced composite material (Carbon Reinforced Plastics Fiber,CFRP) is carried out by combining with the interface bonding unit (cohesive element) technology. The stress and strain distribution around the CFRP laminate borehole during the drilling process is given. The relationship between strain size and location is analyzed. Thirdly, based on the simulation results, the sensor placement scheme was developed, and the strain response of the glass fiber / epoxy composite laminated plate (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic,GFRP) was measured on one side and two sides of the inlet side, the outlet side and the side of the glass fiber / epoxy composite laminate (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic,GFRP), respectively. The characteristics of defect generation and distribution of composite laminated plate were analyzed and the drilling experiment scheme of CFRP laminated plate was optimized. Fourthly, an experimental platform for monitoring the borehole strain response of CFRP laminates is built. The modified twist drill with double drill tip angle is used to drill the CFRP laminated plates under two kinds of supporting clamping conditions. The results show that the pad bracing is helpful to restrain the appearance of delamination defects; the edge of the borehole is more prone to delamination along the fiber direction with tear and edge defects; the defect on the outlet side is more serious than that on the inlet side. The comparison between the experimental results and the simulation results shows that the defect forms and positions are basically consistent with each other. At the same time, the maximum diameter ratio is used to evaluate the delamination defects. The difference of the stratification factor is only 5.8. The validity of the simulation model can be used to predict the drilling defects of CFRP laminated plates to some extent.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB33

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