【摘要】：作為一種重要的半導體材料,鉍基微納米材料因在光學、電學、力學、信息系統(tǒng)等方面展現(xiàn)出卓越的性能和廣泛的應用前景而吸引了人們濃厚的興趣。到目前為止,已設計了各種各樣的方法成功制備了一些鉍基微納米材料,并探索了其在光催化、鋰電、電化學儲氫、光敏反應等新領域的應用。但上述合成方法通常涉及高溫、高壓,或過程復雜、時間長、成本較高等問題。為此,尋找簡單、溫和、低成本的實驗路線來合成有特定形貌的鉍基微納米材料,并探索新的性能或應用仍然是目前科學研究的熱點之一。本論文旨在設計簡單、溫和、節(jié)能的溶液路線來合成各種鉍基微納米材料,并探索其在芳香族硝基化合物的催化還原中的應用。主要內(nèi)容如下：1.設計了一種快速、溫和的濕化學路線,以摩爾比1：2的五水硝酸鉍和硫脲為反應物,含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的乙二醇為反應介質(zhì),110℃下反應10 min成功獲得了均一的花狀Bi2S3微球。研究顯示,PVP在花狀Bi2S3微球的形成過程中扮演了重要的角色。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),在過量還原劑NaBH4存在的水溶液里,所得花狀Bi2S3微球?qū)τ谝恍┓枷阕逑趸衔锉热鐚ο趸桨�、對硝基苯酚、鄰硝基苯酚等具有很好的催化還原活性。從而為工業(yè)上芳香族硝基化合物的催化還原提供了一個新的催化劑選擇。2.以五水硝酸鉍和硒代硫酸鈉分別作為Bi和Se源,有機胺和水組成的混合溶劑為介質(zhì),180℃下反應18 h,成功制備了花狀Bi2Se3微納米結(jié)構(gòu)。實驗表明,有機胺的種類不同能明顯地影響所得產(chǎn)物的形貌。同時,有機胺和水的體積比也對終產(chǎn)物的形貌起著非常關(guān)鍵的作用。催化實驗顯示,在過量還原劑NaBH4存在的水溶液里,所得花狀的Bi2Se3表現(xiàn)出良好的催化對硝基苯酚還原的能力。3.在p-環(huán)糊精的存在下,通過一種溫和、簡單的常溫攪拌途徑成功制備了不同形貌的BiPO4納米晶。研究表明,在不同的pH環(huán)境中得到的產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)是完全不同的。此外,p-環(huán)糊精在這些形貌的形成過程中也起了重要的作用。實驗表明,所得不同形貌的BiPO4納米晶在過量NaBH4的溶液中同樣能用作對硝基苯酚、對硝基苯胺和鄰硝基苯胺的芳香族硝基化合物氫化還原的催化劑。
[Abstract]:As an important semiconductor material, bismuth based micronanomaterials have attracted great interest due to their excellent properties in optics, electricity, mechanics, information systems and so on. Up to now, various methods have been designed to successfully prepare some bismuth based materials, and their applications in photocatalysis, lithium electrochemistry, electrochemical hydrogen storage, Guang Min reaction and so on have been explored. However, these synthesis methods usually involve high temperature, high pressure, or complex process, long time, high cost and so on. Therefore, to find a simple, mild and low-cost experimental route to synthesize bismuth based micro-nanomaterials with specific morphology and to explore new properties or applications is still one of the hot spots in scientific research. In this paper, a simple, mild and energy efficient solution route was designed to synthesize various bismuth based micro and nano materials and to explore their applications in catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The main content is as follows: 1. A rapid and mild wet chemical route was designed. Using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and thiourea at 1:2 molar ratio as reactants and ethylene glycol containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as reaction medium for 10 min, homogeneous flower-like Bi2S3 microspheres were successfully obtained. It has been shown that PVP plays an important role in the formation of floral Bi2S3 microspheres. It was found that in the presence of excessive reductant NaBH4, the obtained Bi2S3 microspheres had good catalytic reduction activity for some aromatic nitro compounds such as p-nitroaniline, p-nitrophenol, o-nitrophenol and so on. Therefore, it provides a new catalyst choice for the catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in industry. Using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium selenosulfate as the source of Bi and Se, the flower-like Bi2Se3 microstructures were successfully prepared at 180 鈩，

本文編號：2234147