金納米陣列的表面等離激元氫氣監(jiān)測研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-09 12:21
【摘要】：人類對氫氣的研究已經(jīng)有很長的歷史了,進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以后,能源短缺是人類社會面臨的重大問題,對氫氣的研究也越來越受到人們的重視。目前對氫氣的研究的最大的挑戰(zhàn)主要是在生產(chǎn),分配,儲存和利用氫氣的過程中盡可能地優(yōu)化成本,增加穩(wěn)定性和安全性。因此,氫氣監(jiān)測在很多潛在的領(lǐng)域有非常重大的用途。氫氣監(jiān)測器已經(jīng)被研究了一個世紀(jì)。傳統(tǒng)的方法主要有氣象色譜法,質(zhì)譜分析法,熱導(dǎo)率監(jiān)測器和激光氣體分析。也有一些商業(yè)用監(jiān)測器,這些監(jiān)測器一般是以固態(tài)的方法來進(jìn)行氫氣監(jiān)測。相對于傳統(tǒng)的電學(xué)監(jiān)測器,光學(xué)監(jiān)測器有許多優(yōu)點。其中最大的優(yōu)點是光學(xué)監(jiān)測器在工作的時候沒有產(chǎn)生火花的風(fēng)險,這是非常大優(yōu)點,因為若在操作的時候在氫氣的氣氛中產(chǎn)生火花將是非常致命的。另外光學(xué)監(jiān)測器也具有避免電磁場干擾的優(yōu)點,可以在惡劣環(huán)境中遠(yuǎn)程顯示等優(yōu)點。本文我們就是利用金屬結(jié)構(gòu)中形成的的局域表面等離子共振來研究光學(xué)監(jiān)測器。由于金屬中含有大量的自由電子,當(dāng)用一束光來照射金屬納米顆粒,由于金屬納米顆粒的尺寸相對于波長足夠小,導(dǎo)體中的自由電子就會與晶格中固有陽離子發(fā)生共振,產(chǎn)生局域表面等離子共振。由于在發(fā)生共振的時候納米顆粒表面的電荷分離,就會在納米顆粒附近產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的疊加電場。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多因素影響局域表面等離子共振(Localized surface plasmon resonance,LSPR)的共振波長,例如納米顆粒的尺寸,形狀,材料外界環(huán)境的介電性能。所以,通過尋求LSPR的共振波長,就可以監(jiān)測到納米顆粒的任何變化或者納米顆粒周圍的的介電性能變化。這兩種監(jiān)測分別被叫做直接局域表面等離子共振監(jiān)測和間接局域表面等離子共振監(jiān)測。本文我們主要研究了不同形狀的金屬納米結(jié)構(gòu)的局域表面等離子共振特性。首先我們主要研究了金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列的局域表面等離子共振的特性。實驗部分我們用電子束刻蝕的方法制作了不同尺寸的金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列,然后獲得了其吸收譜線。從獲得的吸收譜線中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了不同尺寸的金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列它們發(fā)生表面等離子共振的位置不同。接下來我們通過軟件FDTD Solutions 8.6獲得了金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列在共振時的電磁場、表面電荷分布等表面等離激元特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)了金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)的電荷大都分布在月牙尖端,而且電磁場增強(qiáng)也發(fā)生在月牙的尖端。后來我們通過對金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)的吸收—能級圖的研究,用等離子體雜化理論完美的解釋了金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)的局域表面等離子共振特性。隨后我們研究了一系列不同尺寸的金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著月牙腰寬的增加,它們的共振峰會發(fā)生藍(lán)移,這為制造金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測器具有指導(dǎo)意義。最后我們引進(jìn)了一個介質(zhì)圓盤,通過對金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)不同位置與介質(zhì)盤的耦合的研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)金月牙尖端與介質(zhì)盤作用時,金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)對光的吸收要更加明顯,因為此時的吸收譜線的共振峰移動要更加明顯(與沒有介質(zhì)圓盤時相比較),這說明金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)的月牙尖端是最理想的監(jiān)測位置。我們還通過單介質(zhì)盤(一個介質(zhì)盤放置在任一月牙尖端)和雙介質(zhì)盤(兩個介質(zhì)盤分別放置在兩個月牙尖端)的比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)雙介質(zhì)盤時金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)有更明顯的共振峰位移動,這說明對于金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)可以兩點激發(fā)、監(jiān)測,而且有更好的監(jiān)測效果,這為制造多觸點激發(fā)、監(jiān)測提供了理論指導(dǎo)。然后,我們研究了金三角形納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列的局域表面等離子共振的特性。和金月牙結(jié)構(gòu)相似,我們首先得到了金三角形納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列的吸收譜線,然后根據(jù)吸收譜線我們獲得了金三角形納米結(jié)構(gòu)在共振峰位置處的電場分布和表面電荷分布。通過對金三角形納米結(jié)構(gòu)的電場和表面電荷分布的研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)金三角形的電場增強(qiáng)和電荷分布主要聚集在金三角形沿入射光方向的頂點處。所以對于金三角形結(jié)構(gòu),它的頂點處是理想的監(jiān)測位置。在最后的工作中,我們首先用相同的方法研究了矩形納米結(jié)構(gòu),在得到矩形納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列的吸收譜線的前提下,我們獲得了金矩形納米結(jié)構(gòu)在共振峰位置處的電場分布和表面電荷分布。然后我們系統(tǒng)的比較了金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)、三角形和矩形納米結(jié)構(gòu)在共振峰位置處的電場分布、表面電荷分布和吸收譜線。分析了結(jié)果以后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)矩形結(jié)構(gòu)的局域表面等離子共振特性沒有月牙結(jié)構(gòu)和三角形結(jié)構(gòu)好;而且從吸收譜線來看,三角形和金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)有更小的半高寬。所以相對于矩形結(jié)構(gòu),三角形和金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)是理想的監(jiān)測器結(jié)構(gòu)。但是相對于三角型納米結(jié)構(gòu),金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測器有更加好的電場增強(qiáng)和更密集的表面電荷分布,更重要的一點是金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)可以兩端激發(fā),而且兩端激發(fā)的時候,金月牙納米結(jié)構(gòu)的吸收譜線有更明顯的共振峰位移動,這為制造多觸點激發(fā)、監(jiān)測提供了理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:The study of hydrogen has a long history. Since the beginning of the 21st century, energy shortage has become a major problem facing the human society. More and more attention has been paid to the study of hydrogen. Hydrogen monitors have been studied for a century. Traditional methods include meteorological chromatography, mass spectrometry, thermal conductivity monitors and laser gas analysis. There are also some commercial monitors, which are generally based on Optical monitors have many advantages over conventional electrical monitors. One of the biggest advantages of optical monitors is that they do not run the risk of sparks. This is a great advantage because it can be very lethal to produce sparks in the hydrogen atmosphere during operation. Optical monitors also have the advantages of avoiding electromagnetic interference and can be displayed remotely in harsh environments. In this paper, we use the local surface plasmon resonance formed in metal structures to study optical monitors. When the size of the nanoparticles is small enough relative to the wavelength, the free electrons in the conductor will resonate with the intrinsic cations in the lattice, resulting in local surface plasmon resonance. Elements affect the resonance wavelengths of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), such as the size, shape of nanoparticles, and dielectric properties of materials in the external environment. Two kinds of monitoring are called direct local surface plasmon resonance monitoring and indirect local surface plasmon resonance monitoring. In this paper, we mainly study the local surface plasmon resonance characteristics of metal nanostructures with different shapes. In the experimental part, we fabricated the gold crescent nanostructured arrays with different sizes by electron beam etching, and then obtained their absorption spectra. From the absorption spectra we found that the different sizes of gold crescent nanostructured arrays have different surface plasmon resonance locations. Ions 8.6 obtained the electromagnetic field and surface charge distribution of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays in resonance. It was found that the charge of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays was mostly distributed at the tip of the crescent, and the enhancement of the electromagnetic field occurred at the tip of the crescent. Later, we used the absorption-level diagram of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays. Then we studied a series of gold crescent nanostructures with different sizes and found that their resonance peaks blue shift with the increase of the waist width of the crescent, which provides guidance for the fabrication of gold crescent nanostructure monitor. Meaning. Finally, we introduce a dielectric disk. Through the study of the coupling between the different positions of the gold crescent nanostructure and the dielectric disk, we find that when the gold crescent tip interacts with the dielectric disk, the light absorption of the gold crescent nanostructure is more obvious, because the resonance peak shift of the absorption spectrum is more obvious (and there is no medium). We also found that the crescent nanostructures of gold crescent have more obvious commonalities when compared with single dielectric disc (one dielectric disc is placed at the tip of any crescent) and double dielectric disc (two dielectric discs are placed at the tip of two crescents). The peak displacement shows that the gold crescent nanostructures can be excited and monitored by two points and have better monitoring effect, which provides theoretical guidance for the fabrication of multi-contact excitation and monitoring. According to the absorption spectra of the gold triangle nanostructure arrays, the electric field distribution and the surface charge distribution of the gold triangle nanostructure at the resonance peak are obtained. In the final work, we first studied the rectangular nanostructures with the same method. On the premise of obtaining the absorption spectra of the rectangular nanostructures array, we obtained the gold rectangle. Then we systematically compare the electric field distribution, surface charge distribution and absorption spectra of crescent nanostructures, triangular nanostructures and rectangular nanostructures at the resonance peaks. Compared with the rectangular structure, the triangular and the crescent nanostructures are the ideal monitors. But compared with the triangular nanostructures, the crescent nanostructure monitors are better. More importantly, the absorption spectra of gold crescent nanostructures can be excited at both ends, and when excited at both ends, the absorption spectra of gold crescent nanostructures have more obvious formant shifts, which provides theoretical guidance for manufacturing multi-contact excitation and monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;O614.123
[Abstract]:The study of hydrogen has a long history. Since the beginning of the 21st century, energy shortage has become a major problem facing the human society. More and more attention has been paid to the study of hydrogen. Hydrogen monitors have been studied for a century. Traditional methods include meteorological chromatography, mass spectrometry, thermal conductivity monitors and laser gas analysis. There are also some commercial monitors, which are generally based on Optical monitors have many advantages over conventional electrical monitors. One of the biggest advantages of optical monitors is that they do not run the risk of sparks. This is a great advantage because it can be very lethal to produce sparks in the hydrogen atmosphere during operation. Optical monitors also have the advantages of avoiding electromagnetic interference and can be displayed remotely in harsh environments. In this paper, we use the local surface plasmon resonance formed in metal structures to study optical monitors. When the size of the nanoparticles is small enough relative to the wavelength, the free electrons in the conductor will resonate with the intrinsic cations in the lattice, resulting in local surface plasmon resonance. Elements affect the resonance wavelengths of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), such as the size, shape of nanoparticles, and dielectric properties of materials in the external environment. Two kinds of monitoring are called direct local surface plasmon resonance monitoring and indirect local surface plasmon resonance monitoring. In this paper, we mainly study the local surface plasmon resonance characteristics of metal nanostructures with different shapes. In the experimental part, we fabricated the gold crescent nanostructured arrays with different sizes by electron beam etching, and then obtained their absorption spectra. From the absorption spectra we found that the different sizes of gold crescent nanostructured arrays have different surface plasmon resonance locations. Ions 8.6 obtained the electromagnetic field and surface charge distribution of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays in resonance. It was found that the charge of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays was mostly distributed at the tip of the crescent, and the enhancement of the electromagnetic field occurred at the tip of the crescent. Later, we used the absorption-level diagram of the gold crescent nanostructured arrays. Then we studied a series of gold crescent nanostructures with different sizes and found that their resonance peaks blue shift with the increase of the waist width of the crescent, which provides guidance for the fabrication of gold crescent nanostructure monitor. Meaning. Finally, we introduce a dielectric disk. Through the study of the coupling between the different positions of the gold crescent nanostructure and the dielectric disk, we find that when the gold crescent tip interacts with the dielectric disk, the light absorption of the gold crescent nanostructure is more obvious, because the resonance peak shift of the absorption spectrum is more obvious (and there is no medium). We also found that the crescent nanostructures of gold crescent have more obvious commonalities when compared with single dielectric disc (one dielectric disc is placed at the tip of any crescent) and double dielectric disc (two dielectric discs are placed at the tip of two crescents). The peak displacement shows that the gold crescent nanostructures can be excited and monitored by two points and have better monitoring effect, which provides theoretical guidance for the fabrication of multi-contact excitation and monitoring. According to the absorption spectra of the gold triangle nanostructure arrays, the electric field distribution and the surface charge distribution of the gold triangle nanostructure at the resonance peak are obtained. In the final work, we first studied the rectangular nanostructures with the same method. On the premise of obtaining the absorption spectra of the rectangular nanostructures array, we obtained the gold rectangle. Then we systematically compare the electric field distribution, surface charge distribution and absorption spectra of crescent nanostructures, triangular nanostructures and rectangular nanostructures at the resonance peaks. Compared with the rectangular structure, the triangular and the crescent nanostructures are the ideal monitors. But compared with the triangular nanostructures, the crescent nanostructure monitors are better. More importantly, the absorption spectra of gold crescent nanostructures can be excited at both ends, and when excited at both ends, the absorption spectra of gold crescent nanostructures have more obvious formant shifts, which provides theoretical guidance for manufacturing multi-contact excitation and monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;O614.123
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