發(fā)布時間：2018-09-07 19:03

【摘要】：為提高聚丙烯基復合材料的性能,利用毛竹及其加工剩余物制備的超微竹炭(UFBC)作為增強材料引入聚丙烯(PP)基體,制備復合材料。探索了不同成型工藝、不同超微竹炭添加量及超微竹炭粒徑對PP/UFBC復合材料力學性能、耐濕性能及熱特性等性能的影響;通過表征聚丙烯與超微竹炭二元體系結(jié)構(gòu),揭示其界面結(jié)合與強化機理;同時探討了竹顆粒(BP)、超微竹炭與聚丙烯三元復合材料的制備、結(jié)構(gòu)與性能,明確三元復合材料中三元質(zhì)量配比對材料性能的影響,表征三元體系結(jié)構(gòu),探明了超微竹炭與竹顆粒對聚丙烯基復合材料的協(xié)同增強效果。(1)采用超微竹炭增強聚丙烯基復合材料,對比研究不同成型工藝與超微竹炭添加量對PP/UFBC復合材料性能的影響。采用混煉擠出與注塑成型制備復合材料,在超微竹炭添加量為30%時材料的拉伸強度達到較大值26 MPa;在超微竹炭添加量為40%時材料的拉伸模量達到較大值450 MPa。熔融混煉與熱壓成型法制備PP/UFBC復合材料,超微竹炭添加量為40%-50%時,材料拉伸強度較優(yōu)。在超微竹炭添加量為30%時材料的拉伸模量達到較大值370 MPa。注塑成型工藝制備的材料拉伸性能與耐濕性能較熱壓成型工藝制備的材料更優(yōu),在超微竹炭添加量為20%時,注塑成型復合材料的拉伸強度較熱壓成型材料提高了 5MPa;注塑成型較適于超微竹炭含量較低復合材料的制備,熱壓成型較適于超微竹炭含量較高的復合材料制備。兩種不同成型工藝制備復合材料時,超微竹炭的添加對材料耐濕性能的影響不明顯;超微竹炭能較好地提升材料的結(jié)晶溫度和熔融溫度,改善了材料的加工性和耐熱性,但不同工藝對材料熱特性的影響并不明顯。(2)采用混煉擠出與注塑成型工藝制備了兩種粒度超微竹炭與聚丙烯復合材料,兩種不同粒度超微竹炭對聚丙烯基復合材料的拉伸性能均有較好的增強作用。在粒度1超微竹炭含量為30%時材料的結(jié)晶溫度達到較大值120.5℃,較聚丙烯提高了 10.4℃。隨著粒度2超微竹炭添加量的增大,復合材料的拉伸強度與拉伸模量不斷增大,斷裂伸長率不斷減小,超微竹炭添加量為40%時,復合材料的拉伸強度達到了 33 MPa,拉伸模量達到了500 MPa;對比兩種粒度超微竹炭對聚丙烯基復合材料性能的影響,粒度2超微竹炭對復合材料力學性能、耐濕性能、熱特性的增強作用均要優(yōu)于粒度1超微竹炭,較細粒度的超微竹炭對復合材料的增強效果較優(yōu)。PP/UFBC復合材料的吸濕率均小于0.1%,材料的耐濕性能較優(yōu),超微竹炭的加入對復合材料耐濕性能的影響不明顯。超微竹炭的添加對材料的結(jié)晶溫度和熔融溫度均有較大的提升作用;微觀形態(tài)分析表明,超微竹炭在基體中分散均勻,兩者界面結(jié)合良好。(3)同時引入竹顆粒、超微竹炭作為增強體與聚丙烯基體制備了三元復合材料。超微竹炭與竹顆粒通過促進分散性與形成穩(wěn)定的三元晶核結(jié)構(gòu)對三元復合材料的力學性能、熱特性等有較優(yōu)的協(xié)同增強作用,達到了較好的增強效果。在PP/BP/UFBC質(zhì)量配比為70/25/5時,復合材料的拉伸強度達到較大值30 MPa,較純聚丙烯材料提高了 30%;在PP/BP/UFBC質(zhì)量配比為70/20/10時,三元復合材料的拉伸模量達到較大值為460 MPa;密度達到較小值0.96 g/cm3;耐濕性能達到較優(yōu)值,吸濕率較小為0.05%;熔融溫度也達到較大值166.6℃,較純聚丙烯材料提高了 5.9℃。PP/BP/UFBC三元復合材料的力學性能、熱特性等較純聚丙烯與二元復合材料均有所提升。PP/BP/UFBC質(zhì)量配比為70/20/10時,三元復合材料的拉伸模量較PP/BP(70/30)、PP/UFBC(70/30)二元復合材料和聚丙烯分別提高了 35%、24%和 109%。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the properties of polypropylene matrix composites, ultrafine bamboo charcoal (UFBC) was used as reinforcing material to introduce into polypropylene (PP) matrix to prepare composites. The interfacial bonding and strengthening mechanism was revealed by characterizing the binary structure of polypropylene and superfine bamboo charcoal, and the preparation, structure and properties of bamboo particle (BP), superfine bamboo charcoal and polypropylene ternary composites were discussed. The synergistic reinforcing effect of superfine bamboo charcoal and bamboo particles on PP matrix composites was investigated. (1) The effects of different molding processes and the amount of superfine bamboo charcoal on the properties of PP/UFBC composites were compared. The composites were prepared by mixing extrusion and injection molding. The tensile strength of PP/UFBC composites was 26 MPa when the carbon content was 30% and 450 MPa when the superfine bamboo carbon content was 40%. The tensile strength of PP/UFBC composites was better when the superfine bamboo carbon content was 40%-50%. The tensile modulus is 370 MPa. The tensile properties and moisture resistance of the materials prepared by injection molding process are better than those prepared by hot-pressing process. The tensile strength of the composites prepared by injection molding is 5 MPa higher than that of hot-pressing materials when the content of Ultra-micro bamboo charcoal is 20%. The addition of superfine bamboo charcoal has no obvious effect on the moisture resistance of the composites. The superfine bamboo charcoal can improve the crystallization temperature and melting temperature of the materials, and improve the processability and heat resistance of the materials. (2) Two kinds of ultra-fine bamboo charcoal and polypropylene composites were prepared by mixing extrusion and injection molding, and the two kinds of ultra-fine bamboo charcoal had better reinforcing effect on the tensile properties of polypropylene matrix composites. When the content of ultra-fine bamboo charcoal was 30%, the composites were prepared by mixing extrusion and injection molding. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased with the increase of the addition amount of 2-ultrafine bamboo charcoal, and the elongation at break decreased. When the addition amount of 40% ultrafine bamboo charcoal was added, the tensile strength of the composites reached 33 MPa and the tensile modulus reached 500 MPa. Comparing the effect of two kinds of ultrafine bamboo charcoal on the properties of polypropylene matrix composites, the mechanical properties, moisture resistance and thermal properties of the composites reinforced by ultrafine bamboo charcoal with particle size 2 are better than those by ultrafine bamboo charcoal with particle size 1, and the reinforcing effect of the composites reinforced by ultrafine bamboo charcoal is better. The addition of ultrafine bamboo charcoal can greatly improve the crystallization temperature and melting temperature of the composites. The microscopic morphology analysis shows that ultrafine bamboo charcoal disperses evenly in the matrix, and the interface between the two is well bonded. (3) At the same time, the introduction of bamboo particles, super-fine bamboo charcoal. Micro-bamboo charcoal was used as reinforcement and polypropylene matrix to prepare ternary composites. The micro-bamboo charcoal and bamboo particles had better synergistic reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the Ternary Composites by promoting dispersion and forming stable ternary nucleus structure. The mass ratio of PP/BP/UFBC was 70/25/5. When the mass ratio of PP/BP/UFBC is 70/20/10, the tensile modulus of the ternary composites is 460 MPa, the density is 0.96 g/cm 3, the moisture resistance is better, the moisture absorption is less than 0.05%, and the melting temperature is higher. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of PP/BP/UFBC ternary composites were improved compared with those of pure PP and binary composites. The tensile modulus of PP/BP/UFBC ternary composites was higher than that of PP/BP(70/30), PP/UFBC(70/30) binary composites and polypropylene respectively when the mass ratio of PP/BP/UFBC was 70/20/10. It's 35%, 24% and 109%..
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332

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