【摘要】：超級電容器由于具有高比電容、高功率密度和長循環(huán)壽命等優(yōu)良特性,在現(xiàn)代電源存儲系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。電極材料是影響電容器電化學性能的主要因素之一,目前研究熱點主要集中在超級電容器的電極材料上,在這方面的研究主要有以下三種類型:碳材料、金屬氧化物(金屬氫氧化物)材料和導電聚合物材料。本論文分別闡述了生物質(zhì)炭/二氧化錳復合材料、生物質(zhì)炭/聚苯胺復合材料、WO_3納米線的合成,表征以及作為超級電容器電極材料的應用研究。分別用X射線衍射(XRD)、拉曼光譜、掃描電鏡(FE-SEM)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、熱重分析(TGA)和氮氣吸脫附等表征手段對材料的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和組成進行了比較系統(tǒng)的研究。并采用循環(huán)伏安、恒流充放電和交流阻抗等測試方法對材料的電化學性能進行了考察。論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、在不同溫度下直接碳化橘子皮制備了橘子皮基生物質(zhì)炭(OAC),通過氧化還原反應,調(diào)整KMn O_4與OAC的質(zhì)量比制備出一系列生物質(zhì)炭/二氧化錳(OAC-Mn O_2)復合材料。所制備的OM1(OAC-8與KMn O_4的質(zhì)量比為4:1)表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的電化學性能,在電流密度為1 A g~(-1)時比電容高達656 F g~(-1),并且OM1復合材料具有較高的容量倍率。經(jīng)過5000次的充/放電循環(huán)測試后,其比電容仍能保持在80%以上。2、以栗子殼為碳源,800℃碳化制備具有多級結(jié)構(gòu)的新型生物質(zhì)炭材料(CAC8),然后與苯胺單體通過界面聚合得到生物質(zhì)炭/聚苯胺(CAC8/PANI)復合材料。測試結(jié)果表明,CAC8具有大的比表面積(1568.0 m2 g~(-1))和孔體積(0.94 cm3 g~(-1))。相比之下,在1 M H2SO_4電解質(zhì)溶液中,CAC8比電容為207 F g~(-1),而CAC8/PANI復合材料比電容高達597 F g~(-1),并且經(jīng)過1000次充放電循環(huán)后,比電容保留率為80%。3、以界面聚合和水熱反應分別制備了CAC/PANI復合材料和WO_3納米線,并以CAC/PANI為正極,WO_3納米線為負極,在1 M H2SO_4電解液中組裝出非對稱超級電容器(ASC)。采用恒流充放電、循環(huán)伏安、交流阻抗等電化學方法考察了非對稱超級電容器的性能。該ASC裝置在0-1.5 V的電位窗口,0.5 A g~(-1)時電流密度下,比電容為274.3 F g~(-1),能量密度為21.4 Wh kg~(-1)(功率密度為374.5k W kg~(-1))。經(jīng)過1500次循環(huán)容量衰減不到20%,表現(xiàn)出良好的超級電容特性。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors play an increasingly important role in modern power storage systems because of their high specific capacitance, high power density and long cycle life. Electrode material is one of the main factors that affect the electrochemical performance of capacitors. At present, the research focus is mainly on the electrode materials of supercapacitors. Metal oxides (metal hydroxides) and conductive polymer materials. In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide composite, biomass carbon / Polyaniline composite WO _ 3 nanowires and their applications as electrode materials for supercapacitors are described. The morphology, structure and composition of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM),) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. A series of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites were prepared by direct carbonization of orange peel at different temperatures by redox reaction. The mass ratio of KMn O _ 4 to OAC was adjusted to form a series of biomass-based carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites. The prepared OM1 (the mass ratio of OAC-8 to KMn O _ 4 is 4:1) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the specific capacitance reaches 656F g ~ (-1) when the current density is 1 A g ~ (-1), and the OM1 composite has a high capacity ratio. After 5000 cycles of charge / discharge testing, The specific capacitance can still be kept above 80%. A new type of biomass carbon material (CAC8) with multistage structure was prepared by carbonization of chestnut shell at 800 鈩，

本文編號：2218364