發(fā)布時間：2018-08-29 15:15

【摘要】：疏水表面是與水的接觸角大于90°的表面,由于其潛在的實際應(yīng)用引起了廣泛關(guān)注。過去的幾十年,通過模仿大自然的荷葉等表面結(jié)構(gòu),在制備人工疏水表面方面進行了各種嘗試。然而,鮮有產(chǎn)品推出。究其原因是由于其耐久性差、制作成本高等諸因素制約著該領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。固體表面的潤濕性是由表面的化學(xué)組成和表面形貌共同決定的,因此通過改變固體的表面自由能和表面形貌可以實現(xiàn)對固體材料表面潤濕性的控制。由于單純的低表面能物質(zhì)所能達到的疏水程度是有限的,特別是玻璃、紡織品等量大面廣的材料,如何使硅烷、氟硅烷等低表面硅牢固結(jié)合在基材上也是迫切要解決的問題。納米SiO_2制備工藝成熟,有硅溶膠、白炭、墨等多種商品出售。本文結(jié)合層層自組裝及疏水改性在應(yīng)用廣泛的玻璃及紡織品表面制備了疏水膜,并通過一系列實驗對薄膜的耐久性進行了綜合評價。論文的主要工作有:(1)以納米二氧化硅溶膠為主要原料,通過層層自組裝的方法構(gòu)造納米二氧化硅薄膜,經(jīng)熱處理使膜層與玻璃基底牢固結(jié)合,獲得透過率高、耐久性好的多孔納米二氧化硅薄膜。通過調(diào)節(jié)自組裝層數(shù)來改變薄膜的厚度,富含硅羥基的自組裝膜增加了低表面能物質(zhì)與玻璃的結(jié)合力,得到了疏水性更好的薄膜,含25層SiO_2膜可使接觸角由110°提高到150°,對該疏水膜進行了雨刮器模擬測試、砂礫摩擦測試等破壞性測試,含自組裝膜的疏水層耐久性明顯提高。(2)以棉布、尼龍、滌綸等親水性織物為基材,對其進行疏水性處理使其由親水性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭杷浴Ｍㄟ^羥基化預(yù)處理使織物表面富含羥基,采用硅酸鈉為原料自組裝二氧化硅薄膜,然后利用預(yù)水解的低表面能的氟硅烷接枝,制得疏水織物。通過耐洗滌、耐老化、耐摩擦實驗評價其耐久性能,活化處理及SiO_2薄膜提高了其耐久性。(3)采用全納米顆粒自組裝的方法,分別以二氧化鈦溶膠和二氧化硅溶膠為原料,層層自組裝制備復(fù)合納米薄膜,納米二氧化鈦半導(dǎo)體常用于織物抗紫外劑。但由于納米TiO_2活性高、易團聚,影響產(chǎn)品的性能,結(jié)合二氧化硅,可抑制其高活性。二者交替沉積,制備納米復(fù)合薄膜,在降低其活性的同時,還可以提高耐久性。再經(jīng)不含氟的低表面能物質(zhì)十六烷基三甲基硅烷修飾,獲得疏水性好的織物,織物的接觸角可達172o,紫外光區(qū)的吸光度成倍提高。并對其進行耐老化、耐摩擦、耐水流沖擊等耐久性試驗,對比破壞性實驗前后各種性能的變化,評價其耐久性。
[Abstract]:Hydrophobic surface is a surface whose contact angle with water is greater than 90 擄. In the past few decades, artificial hydrophobic surfaces have been prepared by imitating nature's lotus leaves and other surface structures. However, few products are available. The reason is that the development of this field is restricted by such factors as poor durability and high production cost. The wettability of solid surface is determined by the chemical composition and surface morphology of solid surface, so the wettability of solid material can be controlled by changing the surface free energy and surface morphology. Because the hydrophobic degree of pure low surface energy material is limited, especially glass, textile and so on, how to make silane, fluorosilane and other low surface silicon firmly combine on the substrate is also an urgent problem to be solved. Nano-SiO_2 preparation technology mature, silica sol, white carbon, ink and other commodities for sale. In this paper, hydrophobic films were prepared on glass and textile surfaces with layer by layer self-assembly and hydrophobic modification. The durability of the films was evaluated by a series of experiments. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) Nano-silica thin films are constructed by layer self-assembly using nano-silica sol as the main raw material. After heat treatment, the films are firmly combined with glass substrates to obtain high transmittance. Porous nano silica film with good durability. By adjusting the number of self-assembled layers to change the thickness of the film, the self-assembled film with rich silica hydroxyl increases the binding force between the low surface energy substance and the glass, resulting in a better hydrophobic film. The contact angle of the hydrophobic film was increased from 110 擄to 150 擄with 25 layers of SiO_2 film. The hydrophobic film was tested by wiper simulation test, sand gravel friction test and other destructive tests. The durability of the hydrophobic layer containing self-assembled film was improved obviously. (2) the durability of the hydrophobic layer containing cotton cloth and nylon was improved obviously. Polyester and other hydrophilic fabrics were treated with hydrophobicity to change from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The surface of the fabric is rich in hydroxyl by hydroxylation pretreatment. The hydrophobic fabric is prepared by using sodium silicate as the raw material to self-assemble the silica film, and then the hydrophobic fabric is prepared by grafting the hydrophobic low surface energy fluorosilane. The durability was evaluated by washing resistance, aging resistance and friction resistance test. The durability was improved by activation treatment and SiO_2 thin film. (3) Titanium dioxide sol and silica sol were used as raw materials, respectively. Composite nano-films were prepared by self-assembly. Nano-titanium dioxide semiconductors are often used as anti-UV agents for fabrics. However, because of its high activity and easy agglomeration, nanometer TiO_2 can inhibit its high activity by combining with silica. The nanometer composite film can be prepared by alternating deposition of the two films, which can decrease the activity and improve the durability at the same time. After modification with hexadecyl trimethylsilane, a low surface energy substance without fluorine, a good hydrophobic fabric was obtained. The contact angle of the fabric was 172o. the absorbance of the ultraviolet region was increased exponentially. The durability tests such as aging resistance, friction resistance, water flow impact resistance and so on were carried out. The durability was evaluated by comparing the changes of various properties before and after destructive test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB383.2

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 葉濱;杜祖亮;張平余;;稀土釤自組裝潤滑薄膜的摩擦特性研究[J];科技傳播;2010年06期

2 干寧;陳妮;葛從辛;王志穎;徐偉民;;巰基丁二胺鎳(Ⅱ)自組裝單分子層H_2O_2傳感器研究[J];分析試驗室;2007年04期

3 倪繼業(yè);王鼎聰;趙杉林;李萍;;超增溶自組裝制備單分散納米鈦硅鋯[J];工業(yè)催化;2009年02期

4 俞義軒;劉建;南海明;劉茜;蔡強;李恒德;;孔徑可調(diào)的介孔SiO_2自支持薄膜的溶劑揮發(fā)誘導(dǎo)自組裝合成與表征[J];高等學(xué)校化學(xué)學(xué)報;2010年11期

5 王艷平;朱永政;陳洪波;曹艷玲;池元斌;;光子晶體及其自組裝制備[J];光電子技術(shù)與信息;2006年03期

6 李清軍,焦奎,孫偉,胡軒;巰基自組裝修飾恒電位共價鍵合法固定基因電化學(xué)傳感器的制備與表征[J];青島科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2005年03期

7 王曉紅;趙杉林;王鼎聰;李萍;李寬彪;;超增溶自組裝法合成納米AlPO_4-5分子篩[J];化工科技;2010年01期

8 江秀明,陳志春,楊紹明,林賢福;預(yù)混合自組裝辣根過氧化物酶生物活性膜及其催化活性研究[J];高分子學(xué)報;2005年02期

9 王麗怡;李良;金紅曉;吳瓊;王新慶;葛洪良;金頂峰;侯昭胤;鄭小明;;介孔氧化鋯材料的模板自組裝法合成與表征[J];稀有金屬材料與工程;2010年S2期

10 謝娟;王虎;段明;;ZnO自組裝薄膜的可控生長及其光催化性能[J];物理化學(xué)學(xué)報;2011年01期

相關(guān)會議論文 前6條

1 魯從華;齊利民;馬季銘;程虎民;;方解石薄膜在微圖像化的自組裝多層膜上的可控生長[A];中國化學(xué)會第十屆膠體與界面化學(xué)會議論文摘要集[C];2004年

2 李嘉;蔡強;李恒德;;自組裝電化學(xué)法沉積氧化亞銅的形貌研究[A];2004年中國材料研討會論文摘要集[C];2004年

3 李嘉;蔡強;李恒德;;自組裝電化學(xué)法沉積氧化亞銅的形貌研究[A];2004年材料科學(xué)與工程新進展[C];2004年

4 陳海燕;張明;;水輔助自組裝法制備蜂窩狀有序多孔熒光膜[A];2013年全國高分子學(xué)術(shù)論文報告會論文摘要集——主題E：分子組裝與超分子聚合物[C];2013年

5 蘇嬌嬌;李永峰;于峰;李瑞豐;;一種簡易制備微孔氧化鋁-氧化鋯材料的方法[A];第十七屆全國分子篩學(xué)術(shù)大會會議論文集[C];2013年

6 戴鴻君;李曉峰;趙寧;徐堅;;動態(tài)自組裝法制備多層膜水凝膠[A];2009年全國高分子學(xué)術(shù)論文報告會論文摘要集（下冊）[C];2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 孫健;自組裝卟啉膜的制備及性能研究[D];長春理工大學(xué);2009年

2 任文芳;碳微球的催化合成和自組裝研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2010年

3 王海淼;酸堿中和—膠束限域可控自組裝制備單分散卟啉納米晶[D];河南大學(xué);2015年

4 孫艷秋;有機微納材料的自組裝制備及性能研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2015年

5 范鵬偉;利用逐層自組裝的新型功能性超薄膜制備和表面改性[D];清華大學(xué);2009年

6 錢旭芳;自組裝路線合成新型介孔碳及雜化碳材料[D];上海師范大學(xué);2008年

7 余美花;新型二氧化硅囊泡材料的自組裝及結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2008年

8 楊國輝;自組裝NaA沸石膜以及H-ZSM-5膠囊催化劑的設(shè)計和應(yīng)用[D];大連理工大學(xué);2006年

9 駱俊諭;基于自組裝法制備二氧化鈦薄膜及其在紫外探測中的應(yīng)用[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

10 周捚;鈦酸納米纖維的宏觀自組裝研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：2211593