【摘要】：隨著社會發(fā)展以及全球人口的持續(xù)增加,能源的耗損量不斷增大,此外,化石能源的過度開發(fā)利用造成的環(huán)境污染等問題,也使得尋求清潔可再生資源的需求更為迫切。伴隨著風(fēng)能、太陽能等不能持續(xù)供給的清潔能源發(fā)展起來的是各類的能源存儲器件如超級電容器、鋰離子電池等。其中超級電容器因其優(yōu)于鋰離子電池的超高功率密度而受到廣泛關(guān)注。超級電容器的組成結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括電極材料、集流體、電解液和隔膜等。其中,電極材料中活性物質(zhì)的含量直接影響超級電容器的電化學(xué)性能。常用的集流體材料如泡沫金屬孔徑在500μm左右,活性材料僅覆蓋在其骨架表層,空間利用率很低。為了提高單位體積內(nèi)活性物質(zhì)的含量,進而提高超級電容器的能量密度,本課題制備了薄層、輕質(zhì)、柔韌、孔徑均勻的多孔鎳平板膜。采用化學(xué)氣相沉積(CVD)的方式生長碳納米材料,系統(tǒng)的研究了不同種類的催化劑在多孔鎳基載體上生長CNFs等碳納米材料的各影響因素及表現(xiàn)方式,對得到的碳納米材料的形貌和性能進行了表征和測試。本實驗制備的多孔鎳平板膜厚度最小在20 μm,孔徑分布在5-10 μm。此外,以多孔鎳平板膜為基體550℃可生長直徑在20 nm的CNTs,40 μm厚的多孔鎳膜單位平方厘米可生長0.002g的碳納米材料。5 mV/s的掃描速率下電容性能由經(jīng)等離子處理提高到224F/g以上。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the continuous increase of global population, the amount of energy consumption is increasing. In addition, the environmental pollution caused by the excessive exploitation and utilization of fossil energy makes the demand for clean and renewable resources more urgent. With the development of clean energy, such as wind energy and solar energy, various energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries and so on have been developed. Among them, supercapacitors have attracted much attention because of their superior ultrahigh power density to lithium ion batteries. The structure of supercapacitor mainly includes electrode material, fluid collection, electrolyte and diaphragm. Among them, the content of active material in electrode material directly affects the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor. The commonly used fluid collecting materials such as foam metal pore size is about 500 渭 m, the active material is only covered in the surface layer of the skeleton, and the space utilization ratio is very low. In order to increase the content of active substances in unit volume and increase the energy density of supercapacitors, thin, light, flexible and uniform porous nickel plate films were prepared in this paper. Carbon nanomaterials were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The factors affecting the growth of CNFs and other carbon nanomaterials such as CNFs on porous nickel based support were systematically studied. The morphology and properties of the carbon nanocomposites were characterized and tested. The thickness and pore size distribution of the porous nickel plate membrane were 20 渭 m and 5-10 渭 m respectively. In addition, a porous nickel film with a diameter of 20 nm and a thickness of CNTs,40 渭 m at 550 鈩，

本文編號：2208822