【摘要】：碳點(diǎn)作為納米材料家族的一員近年來(lái)已經(jīng)引起了極大的關(guān)注。相比于傳統(tǒng)半導(dǎo)體量子點(diǎn)和染料小分子,碳點(diǎn)不僅具有的優(yōu)良光學(xué)性能,而且具有低的細(xì)胞毒性、良好的生物相容性以及廉價(jià)易得等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)使碳點(diǎn)在生物標(biāo)記、生物傳感、熒光探針生物檢測(cè)和光催化等領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。除此之外,銅納米簇作為金屬納米簇家族中的一員,不僅具有發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)可調(diào)、量子產(chǎn)率較高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且價(jià)格低廉、制備方法簡(jiǎn)單、生物相容性良好,因而被認(rèn)為是一種極具實(shí)際應(yīng)用潛力的納米材料。本論文以碳點(diǎn)和銅納米簇為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其制備及應(yīng)用做了研究。具體內(nèi)容包括以下三個(gè)方面:1.通過(guò)對(duì)石墨烯進(jìn)行熱回流得到了具有很強(qiáng)熒光性能的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)(GQDs),構(gòu)建了一種基于A(yíng)u(Ⅲ) S在GQDs表面的反應(yīng)及對(duì)S2-檢測(cè)的方法。GQDs具有很強(qiáng)的熒光,在微量的Au(Ⅲ)離子存在下,當(dāng)往Au(Ⅲ)/GQDs體系中加入微量的S2-時(shí),由于S2-與Au(Ⅲ)反應(yīng)形成了金納米粒子,且這種金納米粒子與GQDs之間發(fā)生了熒光共振能量轉(zhuǎn)移(FRET),從而導(dǎo)致Au(Ⅲ)/GQDs體系的熒光急劇下降。在最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,硫離子的檢測(cè)限為0.2 nM,猝滅效率與S2-濃度(1.5~150 nM)呈良好的線(xiàn)性關(guān)系,據(jù)此建立了一種測(cè)定S2-的方法。2.以檸檬酸為碳源采用水熱法制備具有很強(qiáng)熒光的碳點(diǎn),利用碳點(diǎn)(CDs)的熒光“猝滅 回升”機(jī)理構(gòu)建了一種快速檢測(cè)Fe2+的方法。首先,采用水熱法制備CDs,然后將二氧化錳(MnO2)納米薄片加入到CDs中,猝滅CDs的熒光,通過(guò)內(nèi)濾效應(yīng)形成CDs MnO2探針。當(dāng)向上述探針中加入Fe2+,由于Mn O2會(huì)與Fe2+發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)從而使CDs的熒光恢復(fù)。在最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,Fe2+的檢測(cè)限為0.17μM,線(xiàn)性范圍為0~2μM,據(jù)此,為Fe2+的快速高效檢測(cè)提供了一種十分有效的方法。3.以聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)為模板,水合肼為還原劑制備具有熒光性質(zhì)的銅納米簇(Cu NCs),并利用透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和紫外吸收光譜對(duì)該材料進(jìn)行表征。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),Au(Ⅲ)能夠強(qiáng)烈地猝滅CuNCs的熒光。在最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,Au(Ⅲ)的檢測(cè)限為0.06μM,線(xiàn)性范圍為0.5~15μM。我們通過(guò)獲取X射線(xiàn)探究其熒光猝滅機(jī)理,結(jié)果表明,CuNCs的熒光猝滅是由于CuNCs與Au(Ⅲ)發(fā)生光誘導(dǎo)電子轉(zhuǎn)移。據(jù)此,建立了一種簡(jiǎn)單、快速的檢測(cè)Au(Ⅲ)的方法。
[Abstract]:Carbon dots as a member of nanomaterials have attracted great attention in recent years. Compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dots and dye molecules, carbon dots not only have good optical properties, but also have the advantages of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and low cost. These advantages make carbon spots widely used in biomarker, biosensor, fluorescence probe biological detection and photocatalysis. In addition, as a member of metal nanoclusters, copper nanoclusters not only have the advantages of adjustable emission wavelength and high quantum yield, but also have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation method and good biocompatibility. Therefore, it is considered to be a kind of nanomaterials with great potential for practical application. In this thesis, the preparation and application of carbon and copper nanoclusters were studied. Specific content includes the following three aspects: 1. A highly fluorescent graphene quantum dot (GQDs),) was prepared by refluxing graphene to graphene. Based on the reaction of au (鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2182013