【摘要】：三聚氰胺泡沫是一種本征阻燃的新型開(kāi)孔泡沫,具有阻燃性高、吸音性能好、隔熱性能佳、原材料成本低廉等多種優(yōu)勢(shì),在隔音、保溫、建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸、航空航天等領(lǐng)域具有良好的市場(chǎng)前景和潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。三聚氰胺大分子中存在剛性較大的三嗪基團(tuán),因而在力學(xué)性能上存在脆性大、強(qiáng)度低、易粉化等缺陷,這大大限制了三聚氰胺泡沫尤其是硬質(zhì)三聚氰胺泡沫材料在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用。因此進(jìn)一步提高三聚氰胺泡沫的力學(xué)性能對(duì)拓展和提升三聚氰胺泡沫產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用范圍具有重要意義,成為近年來(lái)的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。為了分析研究三聚氰胺泡沫的增強(qiáng)方法,以及三聚氰胺泡沫在高性能夾芯復(fù)合材料中的應(yīng)用,本課題提出以三聚氰胺樹(shù)脂為原料制備硬質(zhì)泡沫材料,通過(guò)優(yōu)化工藝、化學(xué)改性等方法研究影響三聚氰胺泡沫性能的因素及規(guī)律,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究以三維中空織物做骨架,三聚氰胺泡沫做填充芯材的新型夾芯復(fù)合材料的制備方法及其性能特征。在三聚氰胺泡沫的制備工藝優(yōu)化方面,采用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的方法,以壓縮力學(xué)性能作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),對(duì)發(fā)泡工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行了三因素四水平的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)果表明在所選參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)最優(yōu)發(fā)泡工藝條件為添加發(fā)泡劑3%,固化劑12%,乳化劑5%,發(fā)泡溫度時(shí)間先保持120℃2小時(shí),后保持70℃2小時(shí)。通過(guò)SEM照片發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)泡工藝參數(shù)會(huì)影響泡孔的結(jié)構(gòu)。泡孔小,骨架粗的泡沫壓縮力學(xué)性能最好。通過(guò)DSC測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)加入固化劑會(huì)促使樹(shù)脂固化放熱過(guò)程更為均勻,并且能在較低的溫度下放熱固化,而加入發(fā)泡劑后樹(shù)脂固化需要更高的溫度。通過(guò)流變測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)脂在不加入固化劑或較低發(fā)泡溫度下粘度變化較為緩慢,與發(fā)泡過(guò)程難以匹配,造成發(fā)泡失敗。DSC及流變測(cè)試從側(cè)面反應(yīng)了發(fā)泡工藝條件最優(yōu)值的形成原因。在三聚氰胺樹(shù)脂的改性方面,分別使用1,4-丁二醇、三羥乙基異氰尿酸酯、PEG-400和PVA-1788四種試劑對(duì)其進(jìn)行化學(xué)改性,在最優(yōu)發(fā)泡條件下進(jìn)行烘箱發(fā)泡,并通過(guò)對(duì)泡沫成品進(jìn)行壓縮性能、FT-IR、TG、LOI、粉化率、游離醛等多項(xiàng)測(cè)試,綜合表征硬質(zhì)三聚氰胺泡沫的性能指標(biāo),對(duì)改性劑種類及添加比例進(jìn)行優(yōu)化篩選。壓縮測(cè)試結(jié)果表明小分子改性劑的增強(qiáng)效果優(yōu)于長(zhǎng)鏈段改性劑,在添加三聚氰胺質(zhì)量20%的三羥乙基異氰尿酸酯時(shí),泡沫的壓縮性能最好,此時(shí)改性三聚氰胺泡沫的壓縮強(qiáng)度比泡沫原樣提高了1倍。在加入改性劑后,泡沫粉化率均有所下降,使得其在受到外力時(shí)更難發(fā)生脆斷,降低了粉化程度,從而提高了力學(xué)性能。通過(guò)SEM照片可以看出在表觀密度為0.3g/cm3時(shí),泡沫已產(chǎn)生部分泡壁結(jié)構(gòu),并且在泡壁上有通孔貫穿。當(dāng)泡孔直徑越小,泡沫力學(xué)性能越好。TG和LOI測(cè)試表明在添加改性劑后泡沫的熱穩(wěn)定性降低,阻燃性能有所下降,但在添加改性劑比例范圍內(nèi)LOI仍能達(dá)到30以上,仍具有較好的阻燃性；由于未添加甲醛消除劑,所有三聚氰胺泡沫游離醛含量較高,均在1mg/g左右。在三聚氰胺泡沫夾芯復(fù)合材料的制備方面,將20%三羥乙基異氰尿酸酯改性的硬質(zhì)三聚氰胺泡沫分別與10mm、30mm、37mm高度的三維網(wǎng)格中空織物結(jié)合起來(lái),制備出三聚氰胺泡沫夾芯復(fù)合材料。對(duì)夾芯材料的壓縮特性和彎曲特性進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明中空網(wǎng)格織物對(duì)硬質(zhì)三聚氰胺泡沫的壓縮性能提升有限,但對(duì)其彎曲性能有著較大的提高作用。由于中空織物經(jīng)緯異性,夾芯復(fù)合材料經(jīng)緯向的彎曲性能也有所不同,其緯向彎曲性能好于經(jīng)向彎曲性能。
[Abstract]:Melamine foam is a new type of flame-retardant open hole foam. It has many advantages, such as high flame retardancy, good sound absorption, good heat insulation, low cost and so on. It has good market prospect and potential application value in the fields of sound insulation, insulation, construction, agriculture, transportation, aerospace and other fields. The larger three azine group has the defects of brittleness, low strength and easy to powder in mechanical properties, which greatly restricts the application of melamine foam, especially the hard melamine foam, in industry. Therefore, further improvement of the mechanical properties of melamine foam is used to expand and enhance the application of melamine foam products. In order to analyze and study the enhancement method of melamine foam and the application of melamine foam in high performance sandwich composites, this topic proposed the preparation of hard foam material by using melamine resin as raw material, and Study on the method of optimization, chemical modification and other methods. On the basis of the factors and laws of the performance of melamine foam, the preparation method and performance characteristics of a new type of sandwich composite with three dimensional hollow fabric as skeleton and melamine foam as filling core are studied. The method of orthogonal experiment design is used to compress the mechanical properties of the melamine foam preparation process. As an evaluation index, the optimum design of three factors and four levels of foaming process parameters is carried out. The results show that the optimum foaming process conditions are adding foaming agent 3%, curing agent 12%, emulsifier 5%, foaming temperature for 2 hours at 120 C for 2 hours and then 70 C for 2 hours. The foaming process parameters will be found to be influenced by SEM photos. The structure of the bubble hole is small and the skeleton thick foam compresses the best mechanical properties. Through the DSC test, it is found that adding the curing agent will make the resin curing and exothermic process more uniform, and can heat and solidify at a lower temperature, and the resin curing requires a higher temperature after adding the foaming agent. The resin is not added to the solid through the rheological test. The change of the viscosity of the chemical agent or at the lower foaming temperature is relatively slow, which is difficult to match with the foaming process, resulting in the failure of the foaming.DSC and the rheological test on the side of the foaming process. In the modification of melamine resin, 1,4- butanediol, three hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, PEG-400 and PVA-1788 were used respectively. The agent was chemically modified, and the oven was foamed under the optimal foaming condition. The performance index of the hard melamine foam was characterized by a number of tests on the compression performance of the finished product, FT-IR, TG, LOI, the powder rate and free aldehyde, and the variety and proportion of the modifier were optimized. The compression test results showed that the small molecule was small. The reinforcing effect of the modifier is better than the long chain modifier. When the three hydroxyethyl isocyanurate with 20% melamine mass is added, the compression performance of the foam is the best. At this time, the compressive strength of the modified melamine foam is 1 times higher than that of the original foam. After adding the modifier, the foam powder rate decreases somewhat, making it more effective when it is subjected to external force. It is difficult to make brittle fracture and reduce the degree of pulverization, thus improving the mechanical properties. Through the SEM photo, it can be seen that when the apparent density is 0.3g/cm3, the foam has produced part of the bubble wall structure and has through holes through the bubble wall. When the diameter of the bubble is smaller, the better the mechanical properties of foam.TG and LOI show that the heat stability of the foam after the addition of modifier. The flame retardancy decreased, but the LOI still reached more than 30 in the proportion of the modifier, and still had better flame retardancy. The free aldehyde content of all melamine foam was higher than 1mg/g without formaldehyde elimination agent. In the preparation of melamine foam core composites, 20% three hydroxyethyl isocyanate was used. The hard melamine foam modified by urate was combined with the three-dimensional mesh of 10mm, 30mm and 37mm, and the melamine foam sandwich composites were prepared. The compression properties and bending properties of the sandwich materials were analyzed. The results showed that the compression performance of the hollow mesh fabric for the hard melamine foam was limited. However, the flexural properties of the sandwich composites are different because of the longitude and latitude of the hollow fabric. The warp bending performance of the sandwich composites is better than that of the warp bending.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB33;TQ328

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;力學(xué)性能二級(jí)人員取證復(fù)習(xí)參考題(之一)解答[J];理化檢驗(yàn)(物理分冊(cè));1997年12期

2 ;力學(xué)性能二級(jí)人員取證復(fù)習(xí)參考題(之三)解答[J];理化檢驗(yàn)(物理分冊(cè));1998年04期

3 陳金寶;高溫力學(xué)性能二級(jí)人員取證復(fù)習(xí)參考題(持久部分之五)解答[J];理化檢驗(yàn)(物理分冊(cè));2000年02期

4 潘葉金;電弧熔鑄的Nb-18Si-5Mo-5Hf-2C復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能[J];中國(guó)鉬業(yè);2003年03期

5 張美忠,李賀軍,李克智;三維編織復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能研究現(xiàn)狀[J];材料工程;2004年02期

6 游宇,周新貴;三維編織復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能[J];纖維復(fù)合材料;2004年04期

7 羅文波;唐欣;譚江華;趙榮國(guó);;流變材料長(zhǎng)期力學(xué)性能加速表征的若干進(jìn)展[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2007年07期

8 嚴(yán)振宇;徐強(qiáng);朱時(shí)珍;劉穎;;Sm_2Zr_2O_7-ZrB_2/SiC復(fù)合材料的制備及力學(xué)性能研究[J];稀有金屬材料與工程;2011年S1期

9 瞿欣;孫汝n，

本文編號(hào)：2149011