【摘要】：碳纖維織物（CFF）增強熱塑性復合材料具有可回收再生、成型時間短、沖擊韌性好等性能優(yōu)勢，是一種很有發(fā)展前景的材料。聚丙�。≒P）是一種價廉、韌性高、防腐性能和綜合性能優(yōu)良的通用塑料，可以大量用作汽車復合材料基體。聚苯硫醚（PPS）是具有優(yōu)異的耐高溫、耐溶劑性、化學穩(wěn)定性和高強高模的熱塑性特種工程塑料，可以用作航空熱塑性復合材料基體。本文通過薄膜疊層模壓法制備了碳纖維織物增強聚丙烯（CFF/PP）、碳纖維織物增強聚苯硫醚（CFF/PPS）兩種復合材料層壓板，并采用掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）、偏光顯微鏡（POM）、靜力學性能測試、動態(tài)力學分析（DMA）、差示掃描量熱儀（DSC）等測試手段對它們的結(jié)構(gòu)、性能及其主要影響因素進行了研究。 我們采用在PP基體中添加馬來酸酐接枝改性的聚丙烯（MAPP）的方法以改善CF與PP基體間的界面結(jié)合力，，探索了不同MAPP/PP(M-PP-x)配比對CFF/PP復合材料層壓板力學性能的影響。當MAPP/PP配比為10%時，復合材料的拉伸強度和沖擊強度較高；當MAPP/PP配比為15%時，復合材料的彎曲強度和層間剪切強度較高。 采用MAPP-PP共混物作為基體對CFF/PP進行界面改性，可以提高CFF/PP復合材料的力學性能，但實際上真正起到改性作用的只是界面層的MAPP，而基體內(nèi)部過量的MAPP卻會犧牲復合材料的強度和模量。我們受到熱固性樹脂基預浸料優(yōu)化制備方法的啟發(fā)，進一步改進了上述工藝。利用MAPP在高溫下可溶的特性，提出一種使樹脂分布均勻、力學性能穩(wěn)定的熱塑性預浸料及復合材料制備方法：先用MAPP高溫溶液對CFF進行表面處理，溶劑揮發(fā)后得到預浸料，再進而與PP薄膜經(jīng)過疊層模壓法制備復合材料。采用該工藝方法制備的CFF/PP與前述工藝相比，拉伸強度、彎曲強度、沖擊強度和層間剪切強度均顯著提高，尤其是拉伸強度提高了2倍左右。 本論文還考察了不同界面強度下，織物變形對復合材料力學性能的影響。構(gòu)筑不同的CF-PP界面結(jié)合強度，通過鋪層方式改變CFF在復合材料中的規(guī)整性，制備出具有相似織物形變但不同界面結(jié)合力的復合材料。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，界面結(jié)合力越強，織物形變對復合材料力學性能帶來的負面影響越大。 針對CFF/PPS航空復合材料，本文主要研究了PPS基體的非等溫結(jié)晶動力學和不同條件下CF誘導PPS的結(jié)晶行為。結(jié)果表明，降溫速率對PPS結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu)與形態(tài)的影響非常明顯。當降溫速率處于10K/min-70K/min之間，CFF/PPS的起始結(jié)晶溫度與結(jié)晶峰位均隨著冷卻速率的增加而向低溫方向移動，且CFF/PPS復合材料中PPS晶粒尺寸變小、結(jié)晶度有所下降，復合材料層壓板的強度和韌性提高，彎曲強度提高了23.8%，表征韌性的沖擊強度提高了15.1%，但彎曲模量降低了2.1%。如果在CFF/PPS復合材料成型的降溫過程中加載壓力，CF表面與PPS分子鏈間的剪切力可以誘導CF附近的PPS基體生成橫晶；經(jīng)過表面涂層改性處理的CF同樣可以誘導橫晶，且橫晶結(jié)構(gòu)更加規(guī)整、完善；橫晶改變了復合體系中CF-PPS的界面結(jié)構(gòu)，增加了界面結(jié)合力，可以有效改善界面的應(yīng)力傳遞行為，顯著提高了復合材料的力學性能。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFF) reinforced thermoplastic composites have the advantages of recycling, short forming time, good impact toughness and so on. It is a promising material. Polypropylene (PP) is a kind of low price, high toughness, anticorrosion and comprehensive properties of general plastic material, which can be used as the matrix of automotive composite material, polyphenylene sulfide (PP). S) is a thermoplastic special engineering plastic with excellent high temperature resistance, solvent resistance, chemical stability and high strength and high modulus. It can be used as an aero thermoplastic matrix. In this paper, two kinds of composite laminates of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (CFF/PP) and carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CFF/PPS) were prepared by thin film laminated molding method. The structure, properties and main influencing factors of the plate were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarizing microscope (POM), static performance test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and so on.
We use the method of adding maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) in PP matrix to improve the interfacial bonding force between CF and PP matrix, and explore the effect of different MAPP/PP (M-PP-x) ratio on the mechanical properties of the CFF/PP composite laminates. When the ratio of MAPP/PP is 10%, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composites are higher; when MAPP is in MAPP. When the /PP ratio is 15%, the bending strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composites are higher.
The interfacial modification of CFF/PP with MAPP-PP blends can improve the mechanical properties of CFF/PP composites, but in fact, the real modification is only the MAPP of the interface layer, while the excessive MAPP in the matrix will sacrifice the strength and modulus of the composite material. The above process is further improved. Using the soluble properties of MAPP at high temperature, a method of preparing thermoplastic prepreg and composite material is proposed, which makes the resin evenly distributed and the mechanical properties are stable. First, the surface treatment of CFF is carried out with the high temperature solution of MAPP, the prepreg is obtained after the solvent volatilization, and then the laminated PP film is laminated. The tensile strength, the bending strength, the impact strength and the interlaminar shear strength of the CFF/PP prepared by this method are significantly increased, especially the tensile strength by about 2 times.
In this paper, the effects of fabric deformation on the mechanical properties of the composites at different interface strength were also investigated. The binding strength of different CF-PP interfaces was constructed and the regularization of CFF in the composite was changed through the layer method. The composite material with similar fabric deformation but different interfacial bonding force was prepared. The negative influence of fabric deformation on the mechanical properties of composites is greater.
In this paper, the non isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PPS matrix and the crystallization behavior of CF induced by CF under different conditions are mainly studied in this paper. The results show that the effect of cooling rate on the crystalline structure and morphology of PPS is very obvious. When the cooling rate is between 10K/min-70K/min, the initial crystallization temperature and the crystallization peak of CFF/PPS are both. As the cooling rate increases, the grain size of the CFF/PPS composites decreases, the crystallinity decreases, the strength and toughness of the composite laminates are increased, the bending strength is increased by 23.8%, the impact strength of the toughness is increased by 15.1%, but the flexural modulus reduces 2.1%. if the CFF/PPS composite is formed. During the cooling process, the shear force between the CF surface and the PPS molecular chain can induce the PPS matrix to produce transverse crystal near CF, and the transversal crystal can be induced by the CF modified by the surface coating, and the transversal crystal structure is more regular and perfect. The transverse crystal changes the interface structure of the CF-PPS in the composite system and increases the interfacial bonding force. The mechanical behavior of the composites was improved significantly by improving the stress transfer behavior of the interface.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332;TQ327

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