【摘要】：木塑復(fù)合材料(WPC)具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(耐腐燭、易加工等),目前主要應(yīng)用在戶外建筑領(lǐng)域,但在長(zhǎng)期的戶外應(yīng)用中,其產(chǎn)品抗老化性能較差已成為制約其應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一,因此要使用有效的抗老化劑控制自然環(huán)境對(duì)木塑復(fù)合材料老化性能的影響。本文首先研究不同木粉含量對(duì)木塑復(fù)合材料性能的影響,在最佳木粉含量范圍內(nèi)以木粉、高密度聚乙烯為主要原料,分別添加氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅為抗老化劑,制備木塑復(fù)合材料,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行1500h的人工加速紫外老化試驗(yàn),測(cè)試試件老化前后表面顏色、彎曲強(qiáng)度、表面形貌等變化,探討不同添加量氧化鋅和納米氧化鋅對(duì)木塑復(fù)合材料抗老化性能的影響。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：1.通過(guò)添加不同含量(40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%)的木粉制備木塑復(fù)合材料,探討木粉含量對(duì)木塑復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能和耐腐性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明木粉含量過(guò)高或過(guò)低都會(huì)造成力學(xué)性能下降；50%-70%木粉添加量為較理想的選擇；隨著木粉含量增加,木塑復(fù)合材料受白腐菌和褐腐菌腐朽越嚴(yán)重,當(dāng)木粉含量較高時(shí)可以觀察到顯著腐朽現(xiàn)象。2.分別添加不同含量(1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%)的氧化鋅和納米氧化鋅復(fù)合制備氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料、納米氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料,氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅的添加對(duì)復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能產(chǎn)生不利影響,造成力學(xué)性能的下降；XRD分析可知,氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅確實(shí)加入到復(fù)合材料中,且其并未影響復(fù)合材料的晶型。3.對(duì)制得的氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料、納米氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行1500h紫外加速老化試驗(yàn)。研究表明,隨著老化時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),木塑復(fù)合材料老化前后表面色差A(yù)E值在增加,添加氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅的復(fù)合材料其色差值比空白樣��；SEM分析表明老化后復(fù)合材料的表面出現(xiàn)裂紋, 且隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)裂紋逐漸加深加大,添加納米氧化鋅裂紋比空白樣小,而氧化鋅并沒(méi)有達(dá)到此效果；不同配方復(fù)合材料老化后彎曲強(qiáng)度均出現(xiàn)不同程度的降低,添加氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅彎曲強(qiáng)度下降幅度小于空白樣,而不同添加量之間材料的性能相差無(wú)幾。4. FTIR對(duì)老化前后復(fù)合材料表面化學(xué)變化的分析結(jié)果表明,老化過(guò)程中復(fù)合材料羰基指數(shù)持續(xù)增加,添加氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅羰基指數(shù)增加幅度小于空白樣；纖維素指數(shù)隨老化時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而減小,添加納米氧化鋅的復(fù)合材料纖維素指數(shù)減小幅度小于空白樣,而添加氧化鋅的復(fù)合材料纖維素指數(shù)減小幅度大于空白樣,這是由于氧化鋅的損耗造成的。5.接觸角測(cè)試表明,氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料表面的接觸角隨老化時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),接觸角在0-500h內(nèi)大幅度下降,添加氧化鋅的復(fù)合材料其接觸角下降幅度小于未添加氧化鋅的空白樣,該階段材料表面木粉相對(duì)含量增加,納米氧化鋅/木塑復(fù)合材料的接觸角隨著老化時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)均下降,且添加納米氧化鋅的復(fù)合材料的接觸角下降幅度與空白樣的下降幅度無(wú)差別。綜上所述,添加氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅雖然對(duì)材料的力學(xué)產(chǎn)生不利影響,但其能延緩復(fù)合材料樣品表面氧化的發(fā)生,從表面褪色程度、彎曲性能、表面化學(xué)成分等方面改善木塑復(fù)合材料的耐老化性能,比空白樣的效果要好,就氧化鋅、納米氧化鋅二者相比較而言,納米氧化鋅改善木塑復(fù)合材料耐老化性能的效果好于氧化鋅。
[Abstract]:Wood plastic composite (WPC) has unique advantages (corrosion resistance, easy processing, etc.). It is mainly used in the field of outdoor building. But in the long term outdoor application, the poor anti-aging property of its products has become one of the key problems that restrict its application. Therefore, it is necessary to use effective anti aging agents to control the aging of wood plastic composite materials. In this paper, the effects of wood powder content on the properties of wood plastic composites are studied. In the optimum range of wood flour content, wood powder and high density polyethylene are used as the main raw material, Zinc Oxide and nano Zinc Oxide are added as anti aging agents, and wood plastic composites are prepared, and the artificial accelerated UV aging test of 1500h is carried out. The effects of different additions of Zinc Oxide and nanoscale Zinc Oxide on the anti-aging properties of wood plastic composites were studied before and after aging. The main contents of this paper were as follows: 1. the wood powder was prepared by adding different content (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%), and the content of wood powder was discussed. The effects on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of wood plastic composite material. The results show that the mechanical properties of the wood powder are too high or too low, and the amount of 50%-70% wood powder is an ideal choice. As the content of wood powder increases, the wood plastic composite is more and more corrupt by white rot fungus and brown rot fungus, and can be seen when the content of wood powder is high. Zinc Oxide and nano Zinc Oxide were added with different content (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) to prepare Zinc Oxide / wood plastic composite with different content (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%). The addition of nano Zinc Oxide / wood plastic composite, Zinc Oxide and nano Zinc Oxide were adversely affected on the mechanical properties of the composites, resulting in the decline of mechanical properties; and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the composites. It is known that Zinc Oxide and nano Zinc Oxide do add to the composite material, and it does not affect the crystal type.3. of the composite material and the 1500h UV accelerated aging test of the nano Zinc Oxide / wood plastic composite material. The study shows that the surface chromatic aberration of the wood plastic composites with aging and the aging of the wood plastic composites. The AE value is increasing, adding Zinc Oxide, nano Zinc Oxide composite material is smaller than the blank sample. SEM analysis shows that the surface cracks of the composite material after aging, and with the prolongation of time, the crack gradually deepens and increases, and the addition of nano Zinc Oxide crack is smaller than the blank sample, and the effect is not achieved by Zinc Oxide; the different formula compound is not achieved. After aging, the bending strength of the material decreased in varying degrees, and the bending strength of the nano Zinc Oxide was lower than that of the blank, with the addition of Zinc Oxide, and the properties of the materials between different additions were less than.4. FTIR. The analysis of the surface chemical changes of the composites before and after aging showed that the carbonyl index of the composite was held during the aging process. Adding Zinc Oxide, the increase amplitude of the carbonyl index of nano Zinc Oxide is less than that of blank, and the cellulose index decreases with the prolongation of aging time, and the decrease of cellulose index of the composite with nano Zinc Oxide is less than that of blank sample, and the decrease of fibrin index of the composite material added by Zinc Oxide is greater than that of the blank sample, which is due to the reduction of the fiber index of the composite material of the composite material of Zinc Oxide. The.5. contact angle test caused by the loss of Zinc Oxide shows that the contact angle of the Zinc Oxide / wood plastic composite surface increases first and then decreases with the prolongation of the aging time, and the contact angle decreases greatly within the 0-500h. The contact angle of the composite material added to Zinc Oxide is less than that of the blank blank without the addition of the Zinc Oxide. The contact angle of the nano Zinc Oxide / wood plastic composite decreases with the aging time, and the contact angle decrease of the nano Zinc Oxide composites is not different from that of the blank. In summary, the addition of Zinc Oxide, the nano Zinc Oxide, has a negative effect on the mechanics of the materials. But it can delay the oxidation of the surface of the composite, and improve the aging resistance of the wood plastic composite material from the degree of discoloration, the bending property and the surface chemical composition, which is better than the blank sample. Compared with the Zinc Oxide and nanoscale Zinc Oxide two, nanomi Zinc Oxide improves the aging resistance of the wood plastic composite. The fruit is better than the Zinc Oxide.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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