本文選題：生物模板 + 空心微球��； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：空心結(jié)構(gòu)的微納米金屬氧化物由于密度低、比表面積大等特點(diǎn),使其具有許多塊體材料所不具備的性能,并因其在環(huán)境保護(hù)、能量存儲(chǔ)、生物醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用而引起了研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。目前,制備空心結(jié)構(gòu)微納米金屬氧化物的方法主要為模板法,在眾多的可用模板中,使用天然生物質(zhì)作模板由于模板形貌多樣,數(shù)量巨大,對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)污染,且省去了模板制備的過(guò)程,產(chǎn)物制備條件溫和而成為制備金屬氧化物空心結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)極具潛力的研究方向。本論文采用簡(jiǎn)單易得的單細(xì)胞真菌酵母菌為模板,輔助沉淀法,之后經(jīng)高溫鍛燒制得了微納米氧化鈰空心球體,并考察了硫酸高鈰濃度、陳化時(shí)間、煅燒溫度、表面活性劑等對(duì)產(chǎn)物形貌的影響。通過(guò)X射線衍射(XRD)、傅里葉轉(zhuǎn)換紅外光譜(FT-IR)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)等方法對(duì)產(chǎn)物的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征,對(duì)其形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行了解釋,并對(duì)其光學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)硫酸高鈰濃度為0.5 moI·L-1,氫氧化鈉濃度為1 mol·L-1時(shí),不添加任何表面活性劑,陳化時(shí)間為12 h,鍛燒溫度為600℃的條件下可以得到分散良好、形貌規(guī)則的CeO2空心微球。其粒徑在2.0μm～3.0μm之間,形貌與酵母菌模板一致為橢球體,呈現(xiàn)立方晶型結(jié)構(gòu)。將所得的CeO2空心微球用作光催化劑,研究了其光催化降解染料廢水的性能�？招难趸嫷谋缺砻娣e為21.85 m2·g-1,比無(wú)模板氧化鈰的比表面積(5.37 m2·g-1)明顯增大,禁帶寬度為3.03 eV,比無(wú)模板氧化鈰禁帶寬度(3.42 eV)明顯減小。光催化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,制得的微納米氧化鈰空心球在太陽(yáng)光照射下可有效催化降解溶液中的酸性橙(AO 7),在照射120 min之后降解率能達(dá)到96%以上,降解效果明顯高于未使用模板的氧化鈰微粒。此外,同樣以酵母菌為模板,硝酸銦為銦源,制備得到純度較高的氧化銦空心微納米球。通過(guò)表征分析,所制備的氧化銦空心球同樣保持了模板的形貌,比表面積為19.23 m2·g-1,禁帶寬度為3.28 eV,在太陽(yáng)光照射180 min后,對(duì)亞甲基藍(lán)的降解率可達(dá)91.91%,具有較強(qiáng)的光催化性能。
[Abstract]:Because of its low density and large specific surface area, hollow metal oxides have many properties that many bulk materials do not have, and because of their environmental protection, energy storage, The application of biomedicine and other fields has attracted wide attention of researchers. At present, the main preparation method of hollow structure micro-nano metal oxide is template method. In many available templates, natural biomass is used as template because of the diversity of template morphology, large number of templates, no pollution to the environment. The preparation conditions of the products are mild, which makes them a potential research direction for the preparation of metal oxide hollow structures. In this paper, micronanocrystalline cerium oxide hollow spheres were prepared by using simple and easily obtained single cell fungal yeast as template, assisted precipitation method, and then calcined at high temperature. The concentration of cerium sulfate, aging time and calcination temperature were investigated. The influence of surfactants on the morphology of the products. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical properties were tested. The experimental results show that when the concentration of cerium sulfate is 0.5 mol / L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1 mol / L, no surfactant is added, the aging time is 12 h, and the calcination temperature is 600 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2108750