本文選題：靜電紡絲 + 納米纖維�。� 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前環(huán)境問題成為持續(xù)熱點,空氣過濾行業(yè)日益受到國人的關(guān)注。納米材料的高比表面積、高孔隙率以及理化性質(zhì)等非常適合空氣過濾,這一領(lǐng)域的研究和應(yīng)用也有了長足進展。靜電紡絲技術(shù)作為納米纖維氈成型的重要方法,可以有效的控制納米材料的微觀和宏觀結(jié)構(gòu),成為當(dāng)前研究納米纖維空氣過濾材料的重點。本文研究工作主要可以分為三步:從靜電紡絲工藝角度開始深入研究,通過調(diào)整參數(shù)獲得預(yù)期的纖維形貌結(jié)構(gòu),研究纖維微觀形貌和過濾條件對材料過濾性能的影響;然后考察基布材料及結(jié)構(gòu)對納米纖維材料的過濾性能的影響,并對比實際口罩產(chǎn)品研究納米過濾材料的特點;為了實現(xiàn)高效低阻的目的,深入研究納米材料的三維結(jié)構(gòu)對過濾性能的影響,并嘗試混雜和梯度結(jié)構(gòu)等辦法改良納米材料的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),以期找到恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄌ岣哌^濾品質(zhì)。靜電紡絲參數(shù)(電壓、接受距離、分子量及分布、溶劑和溶液濃度等)對成型的納米纖維氈微觀結(jié)構(gòu)有很大的影響,而且對于不同的靜電紡絲體系,相關(guān)參數(shù)的影響作用不同。以粘度較低的聚合物A溶液為例,其在高電壓情況下,會出現(xiàn)部分粗纖維,從而形成纖維直徑分布較寬的納米纖維氈;降低接收距離會形成分布更加混亂的纖維氈。聚合物分子量及分子量分布和靜電紡絲成型的納米纖維直徑及直徑分布有正相關(guān)性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)納米纖維堆積的三維結(jié)構(gòu)是協(xié)調(diào)過濾效率和氣阻的關(guān)鍵。過濾測試條件的不同可能反映出同一材料不同的過濾性能。對于聚合物B納米纖維,Na Cl顆粒的過濾測試中,紡絲電壓較低的樣品過濾效率和氣阻都較高,油性測試反映的結(jié)果相反。經(jīng)過大量數(shù)據(jù)的分析可以看出,氣阻和流量有直接關(guān)系,氣阻隨流速增大而增大,而且濾材的蓬松程度是決定氣阻的關(guān)鍵。流量對過濾效率的影響,一方面跟顆粒大小有關(guān);另一方面跟濾材性質(zhì)有關(guān)。折疊和堆疊都可以很好的保留了原有濾材的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),從而保證了材料的過濾性能。納米纖維層口罩的過濾效率比PFE大25%,且隨著測試時間快速增加趨向于過濾極限,氣阻也呈現(xiàn)直線上升。通過用較粗的纖維材料和聚合物A納米纖維層恰當(dāng)搭配可以達到高過濾效率低氣阻的目的�；祀s可以獲得纖維分布更寬的纖維氈,恰當(dāng)比例的混雜提高材料整體的過濾性能和材料強度�；烊氩＠w有助于提高過濾性能,而且玻纖的加入量太多會降低了改善效果�？傮w來說混雜和梯度都可以有效的提升材料整體的過濾性能,存在一個最佳范圍。
[Abstract]:At present, the environmental problem has become a persistent hot spot, and the air filtration industry has been paid more and more attention by Chinese people. The high specific surface area, high porosity and physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are very suitable for air filtration, and great progress has been made in the research and application of this field. As an important method of nano-fiber felt forming, electrostatic spinning technology can effectively control the microstructure and macroscopic structure of nano-fiber, and become the focus of research on nano-fiber air filter materials. The research work in this paper can be divided into three steps: from the perspective of electrostatic spinning technology, the desired fiber morphology structure was obtained by adjusting the parameters, and the effects of fiber morphology and filtration conditions on the filtration properties of the materials were studied. Then, the effects of substrate material and structure on the filtration performance of nano-fiber materials were investigated, and the characteristics of nano-filtration materials were studied by comparing the actual mask products; in order to achieve the purpose of high efficiency and low resistance, The influence of three dimensional structure of nanomaterials on the filtration performance was studied in depth, and some methods such as hybrid and gradient structure were tried to improve the microstructure of nanomaterials in order to find a proper way to improve the filtration quality. The parameters of electrospinning (voltage, acceptance distance, molecular weight and distribution, solvent and solution concentration) have great influence on the microstructure of nanofiber felt, and have different effects on different electrostatic spinning systems. Taking polymer A solution with low viscosity as an example, some coarse fibers will appear at high voltage, which will form nano-fiber felt with wide fiber diameter distribution, and fiber felts with more chaotic distribution will be formed by decreasing the receiving distance. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymer are positively correlated with the diameter and diameter distribution of nanofibers formed by electrostatic spinning. It is found that the three-dimensional structure of nanofibers is the key to coordinate filtration efficiency and air resistance. Different filtration test conditions may reflect different filtration properties of the same material. The filtration efficiency and gas resistance of the samples with low spinning voltage were higher than those of the samples with low spinning voltage, but the results of oil test were opposite. Through the analysis of a large number of data, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship between the gas resistance and the flow rate, and the air resistance increases with the increase of the flow rate, and the fluffy degree of the filter material is the key to the determination of the gas resistance. The effect of flow rate on filtration efficiency depends on particle size on the one hand and filter properties on the other. Both folding and stacking can preserve the microstructure of the original filter material, thus ensuring the filtration performance of the material. The filter efficiency of nano-fiber layer mask is 25% higher than that of PFE, and the gas resistance increases linearly with the rapid increase of testing time. High filtration efficiency and low air resistance can be achieved by proper collocation of coarse fiber material and polymer A nanofiber layer. Fiber felts with wider fiber distribution can be obtained by mixing. The proper proportion of hybrid materials can improve the overall filtration performance and material strength. Mixing glass fiber helps to improve the filtration performance, and too much glass fiber will reduce the improvement effect. Generally speaking, mixing and gradient can effectively improve the overall filtration performance of the material, there is an optimal range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ340.1;TB383.1

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