發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-22 00:35

  本文選題：ZnO + 復(fù)合材料　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類(lèi)的生活環(huán)境與周?chē)沫h(huán)境氣體是密不可分的。環(huán)境中大氣污染氣體主要包括含硫、碳、氮化合物,碳?xì)浠衔锖望u素化合物。伴隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和生活方式的現(xiàn)代化,一個(gè)人平均每天約超過(guò)80%的時(shí)間是在室內(nèi)度過(guò)的。因此,室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量同樣直接影響著人類(lèi)身體健康。TVOC(總揮發(fā)有機(jī)物)是影響室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量最為嚴(yán)重的一類(lèi)氣體,它具有致癌性、對(duì)人的皮膚和粘膜產(chǎn)生刺激性,并且在常溫條件下就可以氣態(tài)存在與空氣當(dāng)中,成為人類(lèi)健康的潛在“殺手”。然而,對(duì)于目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的氣體傳感器-金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體氣體傳感器來(lái)說(shuō),普遍存在選擇性和靈敏度上的不足。對(duì)于ZnO氣敏傳感器來(lái)說(shuō),存在著靈敏度較低、選擇性和穩(wěn)定性較差的缺點(diǎn)。對(duì)于金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體型氣體傳感器來(lái)說(shuō),氣敏材料的微觀尺寸、組成和結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)氣敏性能(靈敏度、響應(yīng)恢復(fù)時(shí)間、穩(wěn)定性等)有著決定性的作用。一方面,對(duì)于金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體納米材料來(lái)說(shuō),中空/核殼結(jié)構(gòu)減小了粒子的團(tuán)聚,其表面疏松多孔,利于待測(cè)氣體的滲透,進(jìn)而明顯提高反應(yīng)速率和靈敏度。另一方面,納米復(fù)合材料(具有強(qiáng)的界面相互作用和大的比表面積)在檢測(cè)氣體時(shí)具有協(xié)同作用,有利于靈敏度的提高。因此,本論文將兩種優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)合制備兩種基于ZnO的中空/核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合材料,并用于氣敏性能的測(cè)試。具體工作主要如下:(1)首先利用葡萄糖作為前驅(qū)物通過(guò)水熱法合成出碳球,然后利用碳球作為模板,制備了中空Z(yǔ)n Fe_2O_4-ZnO復(fù)合球,并將材料涂覆成器件用于丙酮?dú)怏w的氣敏性能測(cè)試。XRD、EDS-mapping測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示,Zn Fe_2O_4納米粒子和ZnO納米粒子相互復(fù)合在一起形成中空Z(yǔ)n Fe_2O_4-ZnO復(fù)合球,而不是形成固溶體或者孤立的中空球。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,相比于Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO復(fù)合粒子,中空Z(yǔ)n Fe_2O_4-ZnO復(fù)合球?qū)τ诒獨(dú)怏w在相同工作溫度下具有更高的靈敏度。且中空Z(yǔ)n Fe_2O_4-ZnO復(fù)合球不僅對(duì)丙酮?dú)怏w,也對(duì)甲苯、三甲胺、氨氣具有較快的響應(yīng)恢復(fù)速率。(2)首先利用葡萄糖作為前驅(qū)物通過(guò)水熱法合成出碳球,以其為模板,合成出中空SnO_2球,然后利用表面活性劑在SnO_2核外面包裹一層ZnO殼,形成獨(dú)特的核-中空-殼的結(jié)構(gòu),并將核殼SnO_2@ZnO球用于乙醇?xì)怏w的氣敏性能測(cè)試。氣敏測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,相比于中空SnO_2球和ZnO納米粒子,核殼SnO_2@ZnO球?qū)σ掖細(xì)怏w具有更高的靈敏度,并且對(duì)于50 ppm乙醇?xì)怏w響應(yīng)時(shí)間短至0.4s。本論文研究的兩種材料均為中空、表面多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合材料。氣敏性能測(cè)試結(jié)果證明了將材料進(jìn)行微觀形貌和組成成分的改變是提升其敏感性能的一個(gè)有效途徑。論文豐富了微觀尺度下材料的形貌、成分與宏觀敏感功能之間的關(guān)系,為發(fā)展具有中空/核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的新型復(fù)合材料應(yīng)用于氣體傳感器領(lǐng)域上提供了更多的可能。
[Abstract]:The living environment of human beings is inseparable from the ambient gas. The atmosphere pollution gases in the environment include sulfur, carbon, nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons and halogen compounds. With the development of science and technology and the modernization of life style, an average of about 80% of the time per day is spent in the room. Therefore, indoor air is empty. Gas quality also directly affects human health.TVOC (total volatile organic matter) is the most serious kind of gas which affects the quality of indoor air. It is carcinogenic, irritating to human skin and mucous membrane, and can be the potential "killer" of human health under the condition of normal temperature. For the most widely used gas sensors - metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, there is a general shortage of selectivity and sensitivity. For ZnO gas sensors, there are shortcomings of low sensitivity, selectivity and poor stability. For metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, gas sensitive materials Micro size, composition and structure have a decisive effect on the gas sensitivity (sensitivity, response time, stability, etc.). On the one hand, for the metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials, the hollow / shell structure reduces the agglomeration of particles, and the surface is porous and porous, which is beneficial to the permeation of the gases to be measured, and then the reaction rate is obviously improved. Sensitivity. On the other hand, nanocomposites (with strong interface interaction and large specific surface area) have synergistic effects in detecting gas, which is beneficial to the enhancement of sensitivity. Therefore, this paper combines two kinds of advantages to prepare two ZnO based composite materials of hollow / shell structure, and use it to test the gas sensitivity. The main results are as follows: (1) first, the carbon spheres are synthesized by the hydrothermal method using glucose as a precursor. Then the hollow Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO composite ball is prepared by using the carbon sphere as a template. The material is coated into a device to test the gas sensitivity performance of acetone gas.XRD. The results of EDS-mapping test show that Zn Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles are in phase. The hollow Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO composite ball is formed together, not the solid solution or the isolated hollow sphere. The test results show that the hollow Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO composite ball has a higher sensitivity to the acetone gas at the same working temperature compared to the Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO composite particles. And the hollow Zn Fe_2O_4-ZnO composite ball is not only to C. The ketone gas also has a fast response recovery rate for toluene, trimethylamine and ammonia. (2) first, the carbon spheres were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using glucose as a precursor, and the hollow SnO_2 ball was synthesized as a template. Then a layer of ZnO shell was wrapped outside the nucleus of SnO_2 by surfactants to form a unique core hollow shell structure, and the core shell Sn was formed. The O_2@ZnO ball is used to test the gas sensitivity of the ethanol gas. The gas sensitivity test results show that compared to the hollow SnO_2 ball and the ZnO nanoparticles, the nuclear shell SnO_2@ZnO ball has higher sensitivity to the ethanol gas, and the two materials of the 50 ppm ethanol gas response time short to 0.4s. are all hollow and the surface porous structure is complex. The test results of gas sensitivity show that the change of the microstructure and composition of the material is an effective way to improve the sensitivity of the material. The paper enriches the relationship between the morphology, the composition and the macro sensitive function of the material at the micro scale, and is applied to the development of a new type of composite material with hollow / shell structure for the development of gas transmission. More possibilities are provided in the sense organ.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP212;TB383.1

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本文編號(hào)：2050734