本文選題：天然纖維 + 乙基纖維素��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：天然纖維是一類(lèi)主要來(lái)源于天然植物纖維的可再生原料,其主要成分為纖維素,半纖維素和木質(zhì)素。天然纖維類(lèi)材料具有來(lái)源廣泛、價(jià)格低廉、可生物降解等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),然而大量的天然纖維一直未得到有效利用,被廢棄的天然纖維在自然腐爛或焚燒過(guò)程中會(huì)造成環(huán)境的污染和資源的巨大浪費(fèi)。這些廢棄物或被焚燒造成環(huán)境污染,或自然腐爛造成資源浪費(fèi)。為了解決這一現(xiàn)狀,本課題以三種不同的天然纖維為原材料,結(jié)合各自的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)勢(shì),分別通過(guò)三種不同的改性方法,制備了三種新型吸油材料,并考察了它們的吸油性能。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)乙基纖維素基聚MMA-BA復(fù)合高吸油樹(shù)脂的制備及性能以廢棄棉織物中的棉纖維所制備的乙基纖維素(EC)為基體,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)為接枝單體,過(guò)氧化苯甲酰(BPO)為引發(fā)劑,N,N’-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺(MBA)為交聯(lián)劑,通過(guò)接枝共聚成功制備了一種新型復(fù)合高吸油樹(shù)脂(EC-g-P(MMA-co-BA))。通過(guò)FT-IR、SEM對(duì)EC-g-P(MMA-co-BA)的結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進(jìn)行了表征,并對(duì)其制備條件、吸油性能和動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行了探討和分析。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)m(BA):m(MMA)=1:1,ω(BPO)=0.3%,ω(MBA)=0.01%,ω(EC)=0.83%時(shí)所制備的樹(shù)脂吸油性能最好。準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型可以較為完整的描述該樹(shù)脂的吸油過(guò)程,平衡時(shí)間大約為1.5 h,其對(duì)四種油性物質(zhì)的吸油速率大小依次為:甲苯鄰二甲苯二氯甲烷三氯甲烷。(2)乙酰化懸鈴木果毛吸油材料的制備及其性能基于懸鈴木果毛(Platanus fruit fibers,PFFs)獨(dú)特的空心管狀結(jié)構(gòu),利用乙�；母男苑椒�,成功的合成了一種新型高效吸油材料。采用紅外光譜(FTIR)和場(chǎng)發(fā)射電子掃描電鏡(FE-SEM)分別表征了原料和產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)。分別考察了液固比、催化劑濃度、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)產(chǎn)物質(zhì)量增加量(Weight percentage gain,WPG)和吸油量的影響。結(jié)果表明,相比于原始懸鈴木果毛(Pristine platanus fruit fibers,p-PFFs),乙酰化懸鈴木果毛(Acetylated platanus fruit fibers,a-PFFs)對(duì)各種油和有機(jī)溶劑的吸附量顯著提高。動(dòng)力學(xué)研究表明,準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)能很好的描述其吸附行為。保油實(shí)驗(yàn)中,載滿(mǎn)油的a-PFFs在兩個(gè)小時(shí)之后僅損失了不到30%的載油,表現(xiàn)出了很強(qiáng)的保油能力。此外,實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),利用正己烷對(duì)載油的a-PFFs進(jìn)行解吸,可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)該高效吸油材料的至少八次重復(fù)利用。天然可再生的PFFs,為日益嚴(yán)重的油類(lèi)污染提供了新思路。(3)磁性椰糠粉吸油材料的制備及其性能作為椰子樹(shù)的主要副產(chǎn)物,椰糠粉(Coco peat powder,CPD)是一個(gè)優(yōu)異的環(huán)境友好吸油材料的來(lái)源。對(duì)椰糠粉的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,可有效減輕大量廢棄CPD所產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染。利用聚多巴胺的粘附性實(shí)現(xiàn)Fe_3O_4納米粒子在CPD表面的有效粘附,繼而引入十八胺制備出了高疏水的磁性椰糠殼粉(Magnetic coco peat powder,MCPD)。制備得到的MCPD具有高疏水性(接觸角:135±3o)以及穩(wěn)定的磁性(飽和磁性為27.6 emu/g),從而表現(xiàn)出了高效的油水分離性能和外加磁場(chǎng)下的優(yōu)異分離性能。結(jié)果表明,MCPD可最多吸附吸附其自身重量的8.57倍的油,同時(shí)通過(guò)乙醇對(duì)載油MCPD的脫洗,可輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)MCPD11次以上的重復(fù)利用。本章制備出的高效環(huán)保吸油材料MCPD在油類(lèi)污染處理領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Natural fiber is a kind of renewable raw material which is mainly derived from natural plant fiber. Its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Natural fiber materials have many advantages, such as wide source, low price, and biodegradation. However, a large number of natural fibers have not been effectively used, and the natural fibers are discarded in nature. In the process of decay or incineration it will cause environmental pollution and great waste of resources. These wastes or incineration causes environmental pollution or natural decay to cause waste of resources. In order to solve this situation, the subject takes three different natural fibers as raw materials and combined with their respective structure advantages, through three different methods of modification, respectively. Three new oil absorbing materials were prepared and their oil absorption properties were investigated. The specific research contents were as follows: (1) the preparation and properties of Ethyl Cellulose Based Poly (MMA-BA) composite high oil absorption resin were based on the ethyl cellulose (EC) as the matrix, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as graft monomers. A new type of compound high oil absorption resin (EC-g-P (MMA-co-BA)) was successfully prepared by graft copolymerization of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator, N, N '- methylene double acrylamide (MBA). The structure and morphology of EC-g-P (MMA-co-BA) were characterized by FT-IR and SEM, and the preparation conditions, oil absorption properties and kinetics were explored. The results show that when m (BA): m (MMA) =1:1, omega (BPO) =0.3%, omega (MBA) =0.01%, and omega (EC) =0.83%, the oil absorption properties of the resin are best. The quasi two stage kinetic model can describe the oil absorption process of the resin more completely, the equilibrium time is about 1.5 h, and the oil absorption rate of four oil-based substances is in the order of the toluene adjacent two a. Methylene dichloromethane trichloromethane. (2) the preparation and performance of acetylated Cambrian fruit oil absorption material and its properties are based on the unique hollow tubular structure of Platanus fruit fibers (PFFs). A new type of high efficiency oil absorption material was synthesized by acetylation modification method. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission electron scanning electron microscopy were used. (FE-SEM) the structure of the raw materials and products were characterized respectively. The effects of the liquid solid ratio, the concentration of the catalyst, the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the mass increase of the product (Weight percentage gain, WPG) and the amount of oil absorption were respectively investigated. The results showed that compared to the original fruit of the Cambrian (Pristine Platanus fruit fibers, p-PFFs), the acetylation of the fruit of the suspension tree (Ace) Tylated Platanus fruit fibers, a-PFFs) increased the adsorption of various oil and organic solvents significantly. Kinetic study showed that quasi two kinetics could describe its adsorption behavior well. In the oil preservation experiment, the oil carrying a-PFFs lost less than 30% of the oil carrying capacity after two hours, showing a strong oil holding capacity. Furthermore, the experimental certificate was proved. In fact, the use of hexane to desorb the oil carrying a-PFFs can be reused at least eight times for the high efficiency oil absorption material. Natural renewable PFFs provides a new idea for the increasingly serious oil pollution. (3) preparation and performance of magnetic coconut bran oil absorption material and its performance as the main by-product of coconut tree, coconut bran powder (Coco peat powder, CPD) The development and utilization of coconut bran powder can effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by a large number of waste CPD. The adhesion of dopamine to the effective adhesion of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles on the surface of CPD is realized, and the high hydrophobic magnetic coconut shell powder (Magnetic coco PEA) is prepared by the introduction of eighteen amine. T powder, MCPD). The prepared MCPD has high hydrophobicity (contact angle: 135 + 3O) and stable magnetic (saturation magnetism is 27.6 emu/g), which shows high efficiency oil water separation performance and excellent separation performance under applied magnetic field. The results show that MCPD can adsorb up to 8.57 times the oil of its own weight by adsorbing up to 8.57 times of its own weight. The dewashing of oil MCPD can easily achieve repeated use of MCPD11 times. The efficient and environmentally friendly oil absorption material produced in this chapter, MCPD, has a broad application prospect in the field of oil pollution treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB34

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