本文選題：貴金屬納米顆粒 + 重金屬離子��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在科學(xué)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的當今社會,信息技術(shù)、環(huán)境保護、新型能源、國防以及生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展使研究者們合成了更高性能的材料。貴金屬納米材料具有眾多異于其他材料獨特的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。在光學(xué)、電學(xué)、醫(yī)藥、納米器件及催化等領(lǐng)域都有著良好的應(yīng)用前景。由于以上特性,貴金屬納米材料得到了研究者們的廣泛關(guān)注與研究。本文通過簡單快捷的方法合成出了金納米顆粒,并利用其表面等離子體共振性質(zhì),作為比色檢測探針檢測重金屬Cr3+。利用牛血清白蛋白功能化的熒光金、銀納米簇作為熒光檢測探針用于檢測硝基芳香爆炸物,并探索檢測試紙的制備和應(yīng)用。本論文具體研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)牛血清白蛋白功能化的金納米簇(BSA Au-NCs)作為熒光探針有選擇性的檢測2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和對硝基苯酚(4-NP)。通過實驗得到的結(jié)果證明BSA Au-NCs熒光檢測探針具有較高的靈敏度,檢測限分別為10 nM和1 nM。BSA Au-NCs熒光檢測探針在結(jié)構(gòu)相似的芳香硝基爆炸物中能夠準確的檢測出TNT和4-NP,說明該探針具有很好的選擇性。該檢測系統(tǒng)還可以制備成熒光檢測試紙檢測TNT和4-NP的蒸汽。(2)牛血請白蛋白功能化的銀納米簇(BSA Ag-NCs)和金銀雙金屬納米簇(BSA Au Ag-NCs)作為熒光探針檢測2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和對硝基苯酚(4-NP)。通過熒光淬滅的方式來體現(xiàn)對TNT和4-NP的檢測,探針可以在結(jié)構(gòu)相似的硝基芳香化合物中準確的檢測出TNT和4-NP,說明探針有很好的選擇性。該檢測系統(tǒng)可應(yīng)用于檢測TNT和4-NP的蒸汽實驗中并具有較高的靈敏度和較好的選擇性。(3)2,6-吡啶二羧酸功能化的金納米顆粒(PDCA-GNPs)作為比色探針檢測水溶液中的Cr3+,若水溶液中存在Cr3+,比色探針就會與其發(fā)生比色響應(yīng),從而達到檢測Cr3+的目的。通過對比色檢測探針靈敏度和選擇性的探究,證明該探針具有較高的靈敏度,并且在其他金屬離子中具有很好的選擇性。檢測Cr3+的檢測限為2 nM。通過對湖水樣品進行模擬檢測,證明PDCA-GNPs比色檢測探針檢測Cr3+具有很好的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性和實用性,有望應(yīng)用于實際中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the development of information technology, environmental protection, new energy, national defense and biotechnology, researchers have synthesized higher performance materials. Noble metal nanomaterials have many unique physical and chemical properties different from other materials. In optics, electricity, medicine, nanodevices and catalysis and other fields have a good application prospects. Due to the above characteristics, noble metal nanomaterials have been widely concerned and studied by researchers. In this paper, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and rapid method, and their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties were used as a colorimetric detection probe for the detection of heavy metal Cr _ 3. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-functionalized fluorescent gold and silver nanoclusters were used as fluorescent probes to detect nitro-aromatic explosives and to explore the preparation and application of test paper. The specific contents of this study are as follows: (1) BSA Au-NCsof bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a fluorescence probe for the selective detection of 2O4 / 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and p-nitrophenol (4-NPN). The experimental results show that the BSA Au-NCs fluorescence detection probe has high sensitivity. The detection limits of 10nM and 1nM.BSA Au-NCs fluorescence detection probe can accurately detect TNT and 4-NPs in aromatic nitro explosives with similar structure, which indicates that the probe has good selectivity. The system can also be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of TNT and 4-NP in the presence of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and p-nitrophenol (4-NPN). The silver nanoclusters (BSA Ag-NCs) and BSA au Ag-NCs) can be used as fluorescent probes for the detection of TNT and 4-nitrophenol. The detection of TNT and 4-NP by fluorescence quenching showed that the probe could accurately detect TNT and 4-NPs in nitroaromatic compounds with similar structure, which indicated that the probe had good selectivity. The system can be used in steam experiments for the detection of TNT and 4-NP with higher sensitivity and better selectivity. The gold nanoparticles (PDCA-GNPs) can be used as colorimetric probes for the detection of Cr _ 3 in aqueous solution, if there is Cr _ 3 in aqueous solution. The colorimetric probe will react with the colorimetric probe so as to detect Cr 3. By comparing the sensitivity and selectivity of the probe, it is proved that the probe has high sensitivity and good selectivity in other metal ions. The detection limit of Cr3 is 2 nm. It is proved that the PDCA-GNPs colorimetric detection probe has good environmental adaptability and practicability, and is expected to be applied in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

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本文編號：2025221