本文選題：復(fù)合材料 + 改性處理　； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高性能纖維增強(qiáng)樹脂基復(fù)合材料在航空衛(wèi)星、機(jī)車動車、電機(jī)器件等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮的作用越來越大,近年來樹脂基復(fù)合材料的綜合性能一直是關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。高性能樹脂基復(fù)合材料的纖維增強(qiáng)體與樹脂基體之間良好的界面相容性是決定復(fù)合材料性能高低的關(guān)鍵,所以對纖維作適當(dāng)?shù)母男蕴幚砜梢愿纳茝?fù)合材料的界面結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而優(yōu)化材料的宏觀性能。另外,復(fù)合材料中纖維的存在形式、分布情況、均勻程度等也影響了材料性能,傳統(tǒng)的纖維直接增強(qiáng)樹脂存在纖維有效長度低、空洞孔隙多、分布不均、材料性能不穩(wěn)定等問題。本研究的目的是采用有效的方法對聚酰亞胺纖維表面進(jìn)行功能化改性,提高纖維表面性能,利用濕法造紙成形技術(shù)抄取纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)體,制備出界面相容性好、力學(xué)性能優(yōu)越的樹脂基復(fù)合材料。本課題以干法紡二步法聚酰亞胺纖維為原料,NaOH、HCl、H_2O_2為濕化學(xué)介質(zhì),研究了聚酰亞胺纖維在三種介質(zhì)中細(xì)度、力學(xué)性能、熱失重性能、化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)、浸潤性能、表面微觀形貌及微觀聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的具體變化。結(jié)果表明:纖維經(jīng)三種濕化學(xué)介質(zhì)處理后細(xì)度和力學(xué)性能下降,且隨著濕化學(xué)介質(zhì)濃度和溫度提高、處理時間延長,纖維細(xì)度變小和力學(xué)性能下降趨勢加快;纖維在OH~-、H~+作用下,開環(huán)水解為聚酰胺酸或其鹽,分子鏈中酰亞胺環(huán)的部分C-N鍵發(fā)生斷裂,導(dǎo)致纖維熱失重性能、化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)及微觀聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,SEM表明纖維表面變得不再光滑,粗糙化程度增加,局部被介質(zhì)刻蝕。采用適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚砉に?有助于聚酰亞胺纖維表面進(jìn)行功能化改性。結(jié)合聚酰亞胺纖維在NaOH、HCl、H_2O_2三種濕化學(xué)介質(zhì)中結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的具體變化,采用HNO_3/H_2SO_4混酸對纖維進(jìn)行改性處理,改性后的聚酰亞胺纖維表面出現(xiàn)刻蝕溝槽,溝槽意味著比表面積增加,表面變得粗糙,當(dāng)HNO_3/H_2SO_4體積比為1:2、1:1、2:1,氧化25min時,纖維表面O/C比值分別為0.6268、0.4133、0.3497。浸潤性能明顯改善,隨著H_2SO_4配比提高、處理時間延長,浸潤性能改善趨勢加快,同時,纖維因潤脹細(xì)度上升,力學(xué)性能下降,質(zhì)量增加,改性后的聚酰亞胺纖維化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)變化不明顯,纖維表層有一部分結(jié)晶區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)化為非結(jié)晶區(qū),轉(zhuǎn)化過程中纖維分子的取向結(jié)構(gòu)和超分子結(jié)構(gòu)受到影響,聚合物分子鏈變松弛,剛性下降,微觀聚集態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)有序性受到破壞,非結(jié)晶區(qū)比值的上升,對纖維浸潤性能也有促進(jìn)作用。以改性后的纖維為增強(qiáng)體,聚丙烯為基體,采用熱壓成型法制備聚丙烯樹脂基復(fù)合材料,對材料的力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行測試。結(jié)果表明:纖維表面O/C比值、粗糙度、浸潤性能及纖維自身強(qiáng)度等因素共同決定了復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能,其中材料的界面剪切性能分別提高97.74%、25.37%、5.82%;彎曲性能分別提高28.03%、26.26%、24.15%;拉伸性能降低54.39%,提高22.27%,降低2.75%。為了解決目前不連續(xù)纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料中存在的纖維束多、孔徑分布不勻、有效長度低、材料性能不高等問題,本課題從增強(qiáng)體結(jié)構(gòu)、應(yīng)力傳遞、成型方式等角度出發(fā),借助傳統(tǒng)的濕法造紙成形技術(shù),將纖維抄造成纖維紙,纖維紙的增強(qiáng)形式有效克服了纖維直接增強(qiáng)的弊端。與短纖維直接增強(qiáng)相比,纖維紙中纖維束少,纖維孔徑小并且分布均勻,纖維有效長度提高。纖維紙作為一種疏松多孔的結(jié)構(gòu)材料,有利于基體樹脂在熱壓條件下與纖維復(fù)合。采用手糊-熱壓成型工藝制備纖維、纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)聚酰亞胺樹脂基復(fù)合材料,控制纖維質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在40%,與纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料相比,纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)復(fù)合材料拉伸性能提高130%,彎曲性能提高108%,層間剪切性能提高34.5%。纖維紙的抄造工藝條件對復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能也會產(chǎn)生影響:6mm未打漿纖維紙力學(xué)指標(biāo)較好,與3mm未打漿纖維紙相比,6mm未打漿纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)復(fù)合材料的拉伸性能提高23.53%,彎曲性能提高47.02%,層間剪切性能變化不大;打漿纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)復(fù)合材料比未打漿纖維紙?jiān)鰪?qiáng)復(fù)合材料的拉伸性能提高59.97%,彎曲性能增加39.14%,層間剪切性能下降5.39%;隨著纖維紙定量的增加,復(fù)合材料彎曲、層間剪切性能一直增加,拉伸性能先上升再下降,在100g/m2時,取得最大值6.9346Mpa。
[Abstract]:High performance fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have been playing a more and more important role in the fields of aero satellites, locomotive motor cars and motor devices. In recent years, the comprehensive properties of the resin matrix composites have been the focus of attention. The good interfacial compatibility between the fiber reinforced body and the resin matrix of high performance resin matrix composites is determined to be complex. The key of material performance is that proper modification of fiber can improve the interface structure of the composite, and then optimize the macroscopic properties of the material. In addition, the existing form, distribution and uniformity of the fiber in the composite also affect the properties of the material. The purpose of this study is to use effective methods to modify the surface of polyimide fibers by functional modification, improve the surface properties of fiber, and use wet paper forming technology to copy fiber paper reinforcement to prepare resin based composites with good properties and superior mechanical properties. Material. In this subject, two step polyimide fibers were used as raw materials, NaOH, HCl and H_2O_2 as wet chemical medium. The details of the fineness, mechanical properties, thermal weight loss, chemical structure, wettability, surface micromorphology and microstructure of the polyimide fibers in three kinds of medium were studied. The results showed that three kinds of wet chemistry of fiber through three kinds of wet chemistry were found. The fineness and mechanical properties of the medium after treatment are decreased, and with the increase of the concentration and temperature of the wet chemical medium, the treatment time is prolonged, the fiber fineness becomes smaller and the trend of mechanical properties is accelerated. Under the action of OH~- and H~+, the open ring is hydrolyzed to polyamide acid or its salt, and the partial C-N bond of the imide ring in the molecular chain breaks down, resulting in the thermal weightlessness of the fiber. The properties, chemical structure and microstructure of microstructure change. SEM shows that the surface of the fiber is no longer smooth, the degree of roughness is increased, and the local medium is etched. The use of appropriate processing technology is helpful to the functional modification of the surface of polyimide fibers. The structure and the structure of the three wet chemical medium of NaOH, HCl, and H_2O_2 are combined with polyimide fiber. The specific changes in performance are modified with HNO_3/H_2SO_4 mixed acid. The surface of the modified polyimide fibers appears etching grooves. The grooves mean that the surface area is increased and the surface becomes rough. When the volume ratio of HNO_3/H_2SO_4 is 1:2,1:1,2:1, the O/C ratio of the surface of the fiber surface is 0.6268,0.4133,0.3497. wettability, respectively. With the increase of the ratio of H_2SO_4, the prolonging of the treatment time and the improvement of the infiltration performance, the strength of the fibers increased, the mechanical properties decreased and the quality was increased. The chemical structure of the modified polyimide fibers was not changed obviously, and some of the crystalline areas of the fiber surface were transformed into non crystalline regions and the fiber molecules in the transformation process were changed. The orientation structure and supramolecular structure are affected, the molecular chain of the polymer becomes relaxed, the rigidity of the polymer is reduced, the order of the microstructure is destroyed, the ratio of the amorphous region is increased, and the infiltration performance of the fiber is also promoted. The modified fiber is the reinforcement, the polypropylene is the matrix, and the polypropylene resin base is prepared by hot pressing. The mechanical properties of the materials are determined by the factors such as O/C ratio, roughness, wettability and fiber strength. The interfacial shear properties of the materials are increased by 97.74%, 25.37%, 5.82%, respectively, and the bending properties are increased by 28.03%, 26.26%, 24.15%, and tensile properties, respectively. The reduction of 54.39% and 22.27%, and the reduction of 2.75%. in order to solve the problems existing in the current discontinuous fiber reinforced composites, such as many fiber bundles, unevenly distributed pore size distribution, low effective length, and low material performance. This topic from the angle of reinforcement structure, stress transfer, molding method and so on, using the traditional wet process paper forming technology to copy the fiber. The reinforcement of fiber paper and fiber paper can effectively overcome the disadvantage of direct fiber reinforcement. Compared with the short fiber direct enhancement, the fiber paper is small, the pore size is small and the effective length of the fiber is improved. As a porous structure material, the fiber paper is beneficial to the matrix resin and the fiber under the hot pressing condition. The fiber, fiber paper reinforced polyimide resin matrix composites were prepared by hand paste hot pressing process, and the fiber mass fraction was 40%. Compared with the fiber reinforced composites, the tensile properties of the fiber paper reinforced composites increased by 130%, the bending properties increased by 108%, and the interlaminar shear properties improved the processing conditions of 34.5%. fiber paper. The mechanical properties of the composite can also be influenced by the mechanical properties of 6mm non beating fiber paper, and the tensile properties of 6mm unbeaten fiber paper reinforced composites increased by 23.53%, the bending properties increased by 47.02%, and the interlaminar shear properties changed little compared with that of 3mm unbeaten fiber paper, and the pulp fiber paper reinforced composites were more than the non beating fiber paper. The tensile properties of the strong composites are increased by 59.97%, the flexural properties are increased by 39.14%, the interlaminar shear properties decrease by 5.39%. With the increase of the fiber paper, the composite materials bend, the interlayer shear properties have been increased and the tensile properties first rise and then decrease, and the maximum value of 6.9346Mpa. is obtained at 100g/m2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ327;TB332

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