本文選題：木材 + 無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：木材作為一種天然可再生的重要有機(jī)高分子材料。以其獨(dú)有的視覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)以及環(huán)境友好等特性,受到人們的青睞。但是木材的低強(qiáng)度值、易腐朽、易燃燒等一些固有缺陷嚴(yán)重影響了木材的廣泛使用,無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子具有小尺寸效應(yīng)、表面效應(yīng)、宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng)等，有研究表明使用無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子對(duì)木材進(jìn)行改性,可以提高其力學(xué)性能,并可以使其具備一定的阻燃性,同時(shí)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子對(duì)木材復(fù)合強(qiáng)化效果顯著,但其表現(xiàn)出的規(guī)律與其對(duì)應(yīng)的微米級(jí)粒子并不完全相同,分析原因主要在于無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子能否打破其固有團(tuán)聚特征,在基體內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)納米級(jí)分散。因此有必要對(duì)無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子在木材體系中的分散機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究�；诖�,本文選擇納米碳酸鈣、納米二氧化硅為代表的無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子,增強(qiáng)木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料,作為木材-無(wú)機(jī)納米復(fù)合材料體系,研究納米粒子在木質(zhì)基復(fù)合材料內(nèi)的分散機(jī)制。在本研究中,先對(duì)納米粒子進(jìn)行改性分散,以納米粒子可以達(dá)到納米級(jí)別,保持納米粒子納米級(jí)分散不僅可以提高其與復(fù)合材料的界面相容性,還可以保證其在木纖維/PP中的良好分散,分別用激光粒度儀、傅里葉紅外光譜分析儀、熱重分析儀對(duì)改性前后的無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子進(jìn)行表征,再將兩種無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子通過(guò)不同的制備工藝制備納米粒子增強(qiáng)木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料,對(duì)添加納米粒子后的復(fù)合材料通過(guò)掃描電鏡表征,并對(duì)掃描電鏡圖像進(jìn)行分析與處理,引入無(wú)機(jī)納米粒子在聚合物基中的分散模型,推導(dǎo)并修正,建立納米粒子在木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料中的分散模型,并通過(guò)X衍射表征觀察其均勻分散后其結(jié)構(gòu)變化,測(cè)試復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能及吸水率來(lái)驗(yàn)證分散模型的準(zhǔn)確性。本文主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)采用硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH570與硬脂酸復(fù)合改性納米碳酸鈣,硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH570對(duì)納米二氧化硅進(jìn)行改性。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)KH570質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%時(shí),納米碳酸鈣的分散改性效果最優(yōu),其吸油值最小,活化值最大,改性之后的納米碳酸鈣粒徑主要集中在50-70nm, FTIR結(jié)果表明改性劑KH570、硬脂酸成功接枝于納米碳酸鈣粒子表面,熱重結(jié)果表明改性劑在納米碳酸鈣表面接枝量大約為10%；當(dāng)KH570的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%時(shí),納米二氧化硅的分散效果最優(yōu),親油化度值最大,經(jīng)過(guò)改性之后的納米二氧化硅粒徑主要分布在40-60nm,FTIR結(jié)果表明改性劑硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH570成功接枝于納米二氧化硅表面,熱重結(jié)果表明改性劑KH570在納米二氧化硅表面接枝量大約為23%；(2)經(jīng)過(guò)不同表面改性處理方法的納米碳酸鈣及不同質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的納米碳酸鈣分別增強(qiáng)木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料,結(jié)果表明：分別當(dāng)KH570的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%、納米碳酸鈣質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%時(shí),其對(duì)復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能提高量最顯著,對(duì)吸水率的降低效果最明顯,經(jīng)過(guò)推導(dǎo)并修正之后的納米碳酸鈣在木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料中的分散模型與本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符；(3)經(jīng)過(guò)不同表面改性處理方法的納米二氧化硅及不同質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的納米二氧化硅分別增強(qiáng)木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料,結(jié)果表明：分別當(dāng)KH570的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%、納米二氧化硅質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%時(shí),其對(duì)復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能提高量最顯著,其對(duì)吸水率的降低效果最明顯,經(jīng)過(guò)推導(dǎo)并修正之后的納米二氧化硅在木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料中的分散模型與本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符；(4)對(duì)比不同納米粒子及不同制備工藝對(duì)納米粒子在木纖維/PP復(fù)合材料中分散性影響,結(jié)果表明：納米二氧化硅在木纖維/PP的分散性明顯優(yōu)于納米碳酸鈣,其對(duì)復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能提高、對(duì)吸水性能的降低,明顯優(yōu)于納米碳酸鈣對(duì)復(fù)合材料的影響。
[Abstract]:Wood is a natural and renewable important organic polymer material. It is favored by people for its unique characteristics of visual, tactile, hearing and environment friendly. However, wood's low strength, decaying, inflammable and other inherent defects seriously affect the wide use of wood. Inorganic nanoparticles have small size effect. Surface effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and so on. Some studies have shown that the use of inorganic nanoparticles in the modification of wood can improve its mechanical properties, and can make it have a certain flame retardancy. At the same time, it has been found that the effect of inorganic nanoparticles on wood composite strengthening is remarkable, but its regularity and its corresponding micron grade particles are also found. It is not exactly the same, the main reason is that the inorganic nanoparticles can break the intrinsic agglomeration characteristics and realize the nanometer dispersion in the matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dispersion mechanism of inorganic nanoparticles in the wood system. Based on this, this paper selects nano calcium carbonate and nano silica as the representative inorganic nanoparticles. The strong wood fiber /PP composite is used as a wood inorganic nanocomposite system to study the dispersion mechanism of nano particles in wood based composites. In this study, the nanoparticles are modified and dispersed first, and nanoparticles can reach the nanometer level. The nano particle dispersion can not only improve the nano particles and the composite materials. The interfacial compatibility can also ensure its good dispersion in the wood fiber /PP. The inorganic nanoparticles are characterized by laser particle size analyzer, Fu Liye infrared spectrum analyzer and thermogravimetric analyzer, and then two inorganic nanoparticles are prepared by different preparation processes to prepare the nano particle reinforced wood fiber /PP composite. The composite material after adding nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscope, and the scanning electron microscope images were analyzed and processed. The dispersion model of inorganic nanoparticles in the polymer matrix was introduced and modified. The dispersion model of the nano particles in the wood fiber /PP composite was established and the homogeneous dispersion was observed by the X diffraction. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the modification of nano calcium carbonate with silane coupling agent KH570 and stearic acid modified nano calcium carbonate and silane coupling agent KH570 to nano silica. The results show that when the mass fraction of KH570 is 10%, nano carbon is used. The dispersion modification effect of calcium acid is the best, its oil absorption value is the smallest and the activation value is the largest. The particle size of nano calcium carbonate after modification is mainly concentrated in 50-70nm. FTIR results show that the modifier KH570, stearic acid is successfully grafted on the surface of nano calcium carbonate particles, and the thermal weight results show that the grafting amount of the modifier on the surface of nano calcium carbonate is about 10%; when KH570 When the mass fraction is 5%, the dispersing effect of nano silica is the best and the value of the affinity to oil is the largest. The size of nano silica particles after modification is mainly distributed in 40-60nm. FTIR results show that the modifier silane coupling agent KH570 is successfully grafted on the surface of nano silica, and the thermogravimetric results show that the modifier KH570 is connected to the surface of nano silica. The branch amount is about 23%. (2) the nano calcium carbonate and nano calcium carbonate with different mass fraction are respectively enhanced by different surface modification methods. The results show that when the mass fraction of KH570 is 10% and the mass fraction of nano calcium carbonate is 5%, the mechanical properties of the composites are the most significant, and the /PP composites are absorbed. The reduction effect of water rate is the most obvious. The dispersion model of nano calcium carbonate in wood fiber /PP composite after deduction and correction is in agreement with the experimental results. (3) the nano silica and the nano two silicon oxide with different mass fraction by different surface modification methods enhance the wood fiber /PP composite respectively. When the mass fraction of KH570 is 5% and the mass fraction of nano silica is 3%, the mechanical properties of the composite are the most significant, and the effect of reducing the water absorption is the most obvious. The dispersion model of nano silica in the wood fiber /PP composite after deduction and correction is in accordance with the experimental results; (4) comparison The effect of nano particles and different preparation processes on the dispersion of nano particles in wood fiber /PP composites shows that the dispersion of nano silica in wood fiber /PP is obviously better than that of nano calcium carbonate. The mechanical properties of the composites are improved and the water absorption property is lower, which is obviously better than that of nano calcium carbonate. Influence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;TB33

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