發(fā)布時間：2018-06-03 01:49

  本文選題：碳納米管 + 分散液�。� 參考：《南昌大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著納米技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,碳納米管以其優(yōu)異的電、熱、磁等性能被世人所關(guān)注。但是,由于傳統(tǒng)的碳納米管彎曲纏繞很難被分散到各種溶劑中而限制了其應用。本課題努力探索出一種新型制備碳納米管的方法,該方法制備出的碳納米管具有很好的直線型,經(jīng)環(huán)境掃描電鏡和透射電鏡分析檢測后還發(fā)現(xiàn),它是很好的一維材料,幾乎不纏繞,管徑在40-100nm之間,且具有很大的長徑比,約為20:1。碳納米管內(nèi)部為中空結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)徑約為4nm,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)就像是多層石墨層卷成圓形累積疊加的效果。實驗對制備的碳納米管進行了不同分散體系中分散劑的種類、含量以及碳納米管的含量對碳納米管的分散性研究。結(jié)果表明,在水性體系中,水性專用的納米材料分散劑比常規(guī)的水性分散劑十二烷基硫酸鈉在分散碳納米管時效果更好,隨著球磨時間的增加,對應的滴樣電阻值并沒有很好的改善,說明球磨時間對水性體系的滴樣電阻值影響很小。在乙醇體系中,探究了不同分散劑的含量對分散液的分散性影響,結(jié)果表明,隨著分散劑含量的增加,分散效果增加,球磨24h時對應的電阻值最小。在NMP體系中,可以得出碳納米管含量的增加,滴樣電阻值大幅度減小,這與碳納米管本身具有良好的導電性有關(guān)。根據(jù)滴樣測試還可以得出,在NMP體系中,碳納米管在分散劑存在時能很好的分散且滴樣電阻值與球磨時間幾乎無關(guān)。對碳納米管進行酸化、胺化改性處理得到修飾化的碳納米管,將修飾化后的碳納米管分別溶于水中比較分散性效果,結(jié)果表明,酸化的碳納米管具有最好的分散性,能保持25d不沉淀,掃描電鏡分析可知,酸化對碳納米管的本身的結(jié)構(gòu)損壞較少,能很好的保持碳納米管原來的形貌,而碳納米管經(jīng)胺化后,其本身結(jié)構(gòu)很大程度上被破壞。用不同的碳納米管分散液與紙漿經(jīng)高速剪切等方法制備碳納米管導電紙并進行表征,結(jié)果表明,制備出的碳納米管導電紙中碳納米管能很好的形成導電網(wǎng)絡,降低導電紙的電阻,增加電磁屏蔽效能。將該導電紙應用于電池集流體中代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的石墨,可以提高電池62%的充放電時間。改性后的碳納米管導電紙在提高電磁屏蔽效能和電池的充放電時間上效果更明顯。實驗還研究了碳納米管對環(huán)境污染物-五氯苯酚的吸附性,實驗表明,五氯苯酚溶液的濃度在0.386~4.045 mg/L范圍內(nèi)具有良好的線性關(guān)系,最大紫外吸收波長為217nm,相關(guān)度r2=0.9999。多壁碳納米管在甲醇體系中對五氯苯酚的吸附在很短的時間就能達到平衡。不同溫度時,多壁碳納米管對五氯苯酚的吸附很好的符合Freundlich吸附等溫模型,隨著初始濃度的增加,吸附量增加,隨著溫度的升高,吸附量降低。
[Abstract]:With the development of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention for their excellent electrical, thermal and magnetic properties. However, traditional carbon nanotube winding is difficult to be dispersed into various solvents, which limits its application. In this paper, we try to find out a new method of preparing carbon nanotubes, which has a good linear shape. It is also found that it is a good one-dimensional material after environmental scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The diameter of the tube is between 40-100nm and has a large aspect ratio of about 20: 1. The inner structure of carbon nanotubes is hollow and the inner diameter is about 4 nm. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different dispersion systems was studied in this paper, including the kinds of dispersants, the content of dispersants and the content of CNTs. The results show that the dispersant of waterborne nano-materials is better than the conventional water-borne dispersant sodium dodecyl sulfate in dispersing carbon nanotubes, and with the increase of milling time, The corresponding drop resistance value is not improved well, which indicates that the ball milling time has little effect on the drop resistance value of waterborne system. In ethanol system, the effect of different dispersant content on dispersion was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of dispersant content, the dispersion effect increased, and the resistance value of ball milling for 24 hours was the smallest. In NMP system, the increase of carbon nanotube content and the decrease of drop resistance value can be obtained, which is related to the good conductivity of carbon nanotubes. According to the drop test, the carbon nanotubes can be dispersed well in the presence of dispersant in NMP system, and the drop resistance is almost independent of milling time. Carbon nanotubes were acidified and aminated to obtain modified carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes were dissolved in water respectively. The results showed that the acidified carbon nanotubes had the best dispersity. The results of SEM show that acidification has little damage to the CNTs' structure, and can keep the original morphology of CNTs well. However, after amination, the structure of CNTs is destroyed to a great extent. Carbon nanotube conductive paper was prepared with different carbon nanotube dispersions and pulp by high-speed shear. The results showed that the carbon nanotube conductive paper could form a good conductive network in the carbon nanotube conductive paper. Reduce the resistance of conductive paper and increase electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The charge and discharge time of the battery can be increased by 62% by using the conductive paper instead of the traditional graphite. The modified carbon nanotube conductive paper is more effective in improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency and the charge / discharge time of the battery. The adsorption of PCP on carbon nanotubes was also studied. The experimental results showed that the concentration of PCP solution had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.386n 4.045 mg/L, the maximum UV absorption wavelength was 217nmand the correlation degree was r2999999. The adsorption of PCP by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in methanol system can reach equilibrium in a very short time. At different temperatures, the adsorption of PCP by multi-walled carbon nanotubes was in good agreement with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. With the increase of initial concentration, the adsorption capacity increased, and the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature.
【學位授予單位】：南昌大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：O613.71;TB383.1

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本文編號：1971000