本文選題：納米氧化鋅 + 青霉菌��； 參考：《湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米氧化鋅優(yōu)異的抗菌性能受到人們的普遍關(guān)注,但目前關(guān)于氧化鋅抗菌方面的研究存在一些問(wèn)題。一方面,有關(guān)氧化鋅抗菌性能的研究主要集中在細(xì)菌方面,抗真菌方面的研究較少;另一方面,有關(guān)納米氧化鋅抗菌性能的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的定論;另外有研究報(bào)道顯示形貌對(duì)納米氧化鋅抗菌性能具有很大的影響。針對(duì)以上情況,本文采用自制的不同形貌納米氧化鋅,通過(guò)比對(duì)其對(duì)不同真菌的抑制率大小從中篩選出具有廣譜抗真菌性能的納米氧化鋅。隨后在此基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)研究模擬日光照射和黑暗條件下納米氧化鋅抗真菌性能、模擬氧化鋅溶出鋅離子抗真菌性能、觀(guān)察氧化鋅與真菌相互作用、檢測(cè)氧化鋅處理前后真菌的生理生化指標(biāo)以及進(jìn)行真菌轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序五個(gè)方面分析了納米氧化鋅抗真菌的機(jī)制,為納米氧化鋅抗真菌性能及機(jī)制的研究提供理論依據(jù)和參考。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)采用乳化法、直接沉淀法和微乳液法三種方法制備三種形貌的納米氧化鋅,通過(guò)比對(duì)其對(duì)三種真菌(青霉菌、白霉菌和黏菌)的抑制率大小從中篩選出具有廣譜抗真菌性能的納米氧化鋅。結(jié)果顯示:三種方法分別制備出球狀、片狀和花瓣?duì)畹募{米氧化鋅;三種氧化鋅對(duì)三種真菌均顯示明顯的抑制作用,其抑制率大小依次為花瓣?duì)钇瑺钋驙�。成功篩選出具有廣譜抗真菌性能的納米氧化鋅。(2)以花瓣?duì)罴{米氧化鋅為抗真菌劑,青霉菌為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,從模擬日光照射和黑暗條件下氧化鋅抗青霉菌性能、模擬氧化鋅溶出鋅離子抗青霉菌性能、氧化鋅與青霉菌相互作用觀(guān)察以及青霉菌生理生化指標(biāo)(SOD、CAT和MDA)檢測(cè)4個(gè)方面分析納米氧化鋅抗真菌的機(jī)制。結(jié)果顯示:模擬日光照射和黑暗條件下納米氧化鋅均展示出抗青霉菌效果,且兩種情況下氧化鋅抗青霉菌作用相當(dāng),表明光催化抗菌并不是納米氧化鋅抗菌的唯一機(jī)制;在模擬氧化鋅溶出鋅離子抗青霉菌性能中,當(dāng)鋅離子濃度大于3.571 mmol/L時(shí)才能抑制青霉菌生長(zhǎng),而納米氧化鋅溶出的鋅離子是達(dá)不到這個(gè)濃度的,表明在本研究中鋅離子溶出不是納米氧化鋅抗真菌的主要機(jī)制;掃描電鏡結(jié)果顯示氧化鋅成功吸附在青霉菌菌絲表面,菌絲形貌發(fā)生改變有的甚至斷裂;經(jīng)氧化鋅處理后的青霉菌胞內(nèi)SOD和CAT活性明顯增強(qiáng),MDA含量增加。綜合分析得出在本研究中納米氧化鋅主要通過(guò)直接附著于真菌表面產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激破壞真菌胞內(nèi)生理活動(dòng)達(dá)到抗真菌作用。(3)對(duì)氧化鋅應(yīng)激條件下的青霉菌(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)和未經(jīng)氧化鋅處理的青霉菌(對(duì)照組)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序。測(cè)序共獲得31 837條高質(zhì)量Unigenes,注釋到GO和KEGG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分別獲得14 062個(gè)和5 006個(gè)注釋基因,并從中篩選出與抑制青霉菌生長(zhǎng)相關(guān)的基因。結(jié)果顯示在實(shí)驗(yàn)組青霉菌中有多個(gè)與氧化應(yīng)激相關(guān)的基因發(fā)生了顯著上調(diào)。其次,實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組的比對(duì)分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組中與膜的完整組成、鋅離子結(jié)合功能、跨膜運(yùn)輸功能、氧化磷酸化功能等相關(guān)的基因的表達(dá)均發(fā)生了顯著地上下調(diào),結(jié)果表明納米氧化鋅抗青霉菌作用與這些基因有密切關(guān)系。進(jìn)一步證明納米氧化鋅通過(guò)直接與青霉菌相互作用產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激抑制青霉菌的生長(zhǎng),溶出鋅離子進(jìn)入胞內(nèi)促進(jìn)氧化鋅抗菌。另外,實(shí)驗(yàn)組青霉菌中其他一些基因也發(fā)生了不同程度地上下調(diào)變化,揭示它們?cè)诩{米氧化鋅抗青霉菌的過(guò)程中可能發(fā)揮著重要作用,值得進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:The excellent antibacterial properties of nanoscale Zinc Oxide are being paid much attention to, but there are some problems in the research on the antibacterial properties of Zinc Oxide. On the one hand, the research on the antibacterial properties of Zinc Oxide is mainly focused on the bacteria, and the anti fungal research is less. On the other hand, the mechanism of the antibacterial properties of the nanoscale Zinc Oxide is also related to the mechanism of the production of the antibacterial properties of Zinc Oxide. There is no unified conclusion, and other studies have shown that morphology has a great effect on the antibacterial properties of nanoscale Zinc Oxide. In this paper, the nano Zinc Oxide with different morphologies was used to screen out the nanoscale Zinc Oxide with broad spectrum antifungal properties by comparing its inhibition rate to different fungi. The anti fungal properties of nano Zinc Oxide under sunlight and dark conditions were simulated, the antifungal properties of Zinc Oxide dissolved in zinc ions were simulated, the interaction between Zinc Oxide and fungi was observed, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the fungi before and after the Zinc Oxide treatment and the sequencing of the fungus transcriptional group were analyzed in five aspects. The mechanism of bacteria provides theoretical basis and reference for the study of antifungal properties and mechanisms of nano Zinc Oxide. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the preparation of three kinds of nanoscale Zinc Oxide by emulsification, direct precipitation and microemulsion, by comparing the inhibition rate of three fungi (Penicillium, mildew and slime fungus) to three fungi The nanoscale Zinc Oxide with broad-spectrum antifungal properties was screened in a small way. The results showed that three methods were prepared to produce spherical, flake, and petal nanoscale Zinc Oxide respectively, and three kinds of Zinc Oxide showed significant inhibitory effect on three fungi, and the inhibition rate was in the form of petal like spheroid. The broad-spectrum antifungal activity was successfully screened. Nanoscale Zinc Oxide. (2) using petal like nano Zinc Oxide as antifungal agent, Penicillium as the experimental object, from simulated sunlight and dark conditions, the performance of anti Penicillium of Penicillium by Zinc Oxide, simulated by Zinc Oxide to dissolve the zinc ion against Penicillium, the interaction between Zinc Oxide and Penicillium, and the physiological and biochemical indexes of Penicillium (SOD, CAT and MDA). The antifungal mechanism of nanoscale Zinc Oxide was analyzed in 4 aspects. The results showed that nanoscale Zinc Oxide showed anti Penicillium effect under simulated sunlight and dark conditions, and the anti Penicillium effect of Zinc Oxide was the same in two cases. It was not the only mechanism of nano Zinc Oxide to resist bacteria. In the properties of Penicillium, the growth of Penicillium can be inhibited when the concentration of zinc ion is greater than 3.571 mmol/L, while the zinc ions dissolved by nano Zinc Oxide can not reach this concentration. It shows that in this study, the dissolution of zinc ions is not the main mechanism of the antifungal resistance of nanoscale Zinc Oxide. The results of scanning electrical microscope showed that Zinc Oxide successfully adsorbed Penicillium bacteria. On the surface of the silk, the morphology of mycelium changed and even broken; the intracellular SOD and CAT activity of Penicillium after Zinc Oxide treatment increased significantly, and the content of MDA increased. In this study, it was concluded that the nanoscale Zinc Oxide was primarily attached to the surface of the fungus to produce oxidative stress to destroy the intracellular physiological activity of fungi. (3) The transcriptional sequence of Penicillium (experimental group) and non Zinc Oxide treated Penicillium (control group) under Zinc Oxide stress was sequenced. A total of 31837 high quality Unigenes were sequenced, 14062 and 5006 annotated genes were obtained from the GO and KEGG databases, and the genes related to the inhibition of Penicillium growth were screened out and the results showed that the genes were found to be related to the growth of Penicillium. In the experimental group, several genes related to oxidative stress were significantly up-regulated in the experimental group. Secondly, in the comparison analysis between the experimental group and the control group, the whole composition of the membrane in the experimental group, the zinc ion binding function, the transmembrane transport function, the oxidative phosphorylation function and other related genes were significantly downregulated. The results showed that the effect of nanoscale Zinc Oxide against Penicillium was closely related to these genes. It was further proved that nanoscale Zinc Oxide could inhibit the growth of Penicillium by direct interaction with Penicillium, and dissolved zinc ions into the cell to promote the antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide. In addition, the other genes of Penicillium in the experimental group also had different processes. The down-regulation of the above changes revealed that they might play an important role in the process of resistance to Penicillium in Zinc Oxide.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318.08;TB383.1

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本文編號(hào)：1969819