本文選題：石墨烯 + 鋁基復(fù)合材料��； 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石墨烯因其具有非常優(yōu)異的物理性能和機械性能，被認(rèn)為是最理想的金屬基復(fù)合材料增強體。然而石墨烯在金屬基體中非常容易發(fā)生團聚，已成為制約石墨烯增強金屬基復(fù)合材料發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。因此尋求一種新的制備技術(shù)是發(fā)展石墨烯增強金屬基復(fù)合材料的關(guān)鍵。 本文首先采用Hummers制備含有大量負(fù)電荷的氧化石墨烯(grapheneoxide,GO)，然后使用陽離子表面活性劑處理鋁粉使其表面帶有正電荷，并以靜電自組裝的方式將氧化石墨烯均勻的吸附在鋁粉表面。最后采用熱壓燒結(jié)的方法制備了石墨烯增強鋁基復(fù)合材料。利用金相顯微鏡、X射線衍射和掃描電鏡等方法研究了石墨烯在復(fù)合材料中的分散情況和不同活性劑使用量和石墨烯添加量對復(fù)合材料的組織，結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。 Hummers法對原始石墨進(jìn)行了有效的剝離，制得的氧化石墨烯層數(shù)較少。并且氧化石墨烯上存在大量的含氧基團，，使得氧化石墨烯帶有很強的負(fù)電荷。將其與表面處理后帶正電的鋁粉通過靜電自組裝混合后，氧化石墨烯可以均勻的吸附在鋁粉表面，且沒有明顯的團聚現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，實現(xiàn)了石墨烯的均勻分散。 表面活性劑的使用量對復(fù)合材料的組織和力學(xué)性能的影響非常顯著，當(dāng)活性劑用量為5wt.%時，熱壓燒結(jié)過程中會有大量的活性劑殘留在鋁粉顆粒邊界處，形成較厚的碳層，使鋁粉之間的燒結(jié)性能下降，相比于活性劑使用量為1wt.%時其抗拉強度降低了50%，但是硬度略有提高。 復(fù)合材料的硬度和抗拉強度隨著石墨烯的含量增加，呈現(xiàn)出先增加后減少的趨勢，石墨烯的添加量為0.3wt.%時其力學(xué)性能達(dá)到最佳，相比于純鋁其抗拉強度提高了22%，硬度提高了30%。隨著石墨烯含量的增加，復(fù)合材料的斷口形貌主要表現(xiàn)出脆性斷裂和韌性斷裂相結(jié)合的特征，其延伸率持續(xù)下降，石墨烯主要分布在復(fù)合材料的界面處，呈現(xiàn)出明顯的拔出和斷裂狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Because of its excellent physical and mechanical properties, graphene is considered to be the most ideal metal matrix composite reinforcement. However, graphene is easy to agglomerate in metal matrix, which has become a key factor restricting the development of graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. Therefore, to seek a new preparation technology is the key to develop graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. In this paper, graphene oxide (graphene oxide) with a large amount of negative charge was prepared by Hummers, then the surface of aluminum powder was treated with cationic surfactant to make the surface of aluminum powder positively charged, and graphene oxide was uniformly adsorbed on the surface of aluminum powder by electrostatic self-assembly. Finally, graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The dispersion of graphene in the composites and the effects of the amount of active agents and graphene on the microstructure, structure and properties of the composites were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Hummers method was used to exfoliate the original graphite effectively and the number of graphene oxide layers was less. And there are a lot of oxygen groups on graphene oxide, which makes graphene oxide have strong negative charge. After mixed with the surface treated aluminum powder with positive charge through electrostatic self-assembly, graphene oxide can be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of aluminum powder, and there is no obvious agglomeration, which realizes the homogeneous dispersion of graphene. The amount of surfactant has a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. When the amount of surfactant is 5 wt.%, a large number of active agents will remain at the boundary of aluminum particles in the hot pressing sintering process, forming a thick carbon layer. The sintered properties of aluminum powder were decreased by 50% compared with that of 1 wt.% of active agent, but the hardness was slightly increased. The hardness and tensile strength of the composites increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of graphene content. The mechanical properties of the composites reached the best when the content of graphene was 0.3 wt.%, and the tensile strength and hardness increased 22% and 30% respectively compared with pure aluminum. With the increase of graphene content, the fracture morphology of the composite mainly shows the characteristics of brittle fracture and ductile fracture, and its elongation continues to decrease, and graphene mainly distributes at the interface of the composite. There are obvious pullout and fracture states.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33

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