本文選題：溶致液晶 + 丁基橡膠��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)隔絕式生化防護(hù)材料雖能隔絕大多數(shù)有毒物質(zhì),但卻存在透氣性差等問題,單兵長時(shí)間穿著會(huì)導(dǎo)致熱應(yīng)激、中暑等。理想的生化防護(hù)材料是在阻隔有毒物質(zhì)的同時(shí),保證水蒸氣有效透過。本文嘗試?yán)萌苤乱壕?LLC)的有序結(jié)構(gòu)來改善傳統(tǒng)生化防護(hù)服的透濕性能,研究內(nèi)容分為以下三個(gè)部分：首先研究的是一種基于溶致液晶/丁基橡膠(LLC/BR)的透氣式生化防護(hù)材料。本文利用兩步法合成了一種新型可交聯(lián)的丙烯酸酯類雙子季銨鹽溶致液晶單體,利用偏光顯微鏡(POM)、小角X射線散射(SAXS)對(duì)該單體與水的混合體系進(jìn)行表征。該LLC單體與水混合時(shí)傾向于形成層狀相,而當(dāng)該單體的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為78%-83%時(shí),混合體系在55℃-79℃范圍內(nèi)表現(xiàn)為類似雙連續(xù)立方晶相的不確定X相。為了測試薄膜的透濕性能,本文利用紫外光照和熱壓法,在多孔支撐膜,聚醚砜(PES)上,制備了一系列LLC/BR-PES復(fù)合薄膜。這類薄膜能維持原先的液晶相態(tài),且內(nèi)部構(gòu)建了親水的納米通道。X相LLC/BR-PES復(fù)合薄膜的平均水蒸氣透過率為630±50 g·m-2·day-1,比L相LLC/BR-PES復(fù)合薄膜(310±20 g·m-2·day-1-510±40 g·m-2·day-1)的透濕性能好。另外,以上這些薄膜的水蒸氣透過性能均優(yōu)于之前文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的交聯(lián)的LLC薄膜(200g·m-2·day-1-440 g·m-2·day-1)。其次是關(guān)于聚丁二烯橡膠的改性研究。本文通過硫-烯點(diǎn)擊化學(xué)將含雙羥基官能團(tuán)的物質(zhì),巰基甘油,接枝到聚丁二烯橡膠主鏈上,并進(jìn)一步通過刮涂法在多孔聚醚砜支撐膜上制備了一系列不同比例的薄膜。在研究涂覆工藝時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),加入交聯(lián)劑之前,預(yù)聚可以增大混合液體系粘度,有利于之后進(jìn)行涂覆。利用紅外光譜儀、熱分析儀和平衡溶脹儀研究薄膜接枝前后的性能變化。隨著加入的巰基甘油量的增多,薄膜C=C的紅外吸收峰強(qiáng)度明顯減弱。接枝后薄膜的交聯(lián)密度比接枝前有所增加,但熱穩(wěn)定性能下降,改性后薄膜的初始熱分解溫度降低。經(jīng)水蒸氣透過率測試實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),引入的二醇單元能有效改善橡膠本身的透濕性能,薄膜的水蒸氣透過率增加了一倍多。最后研究的是一種基于多孔聚電解質(zhì)薄膜的透氣材料。本文分三步合成了疏水的聚[1-氰基甲基-3-乙烯基咪唑雙(三氟甲磺酰)亞胺](PCMVImTf2N),再將其與丙烯酸(PAA)混合,通過簡單的薄膜澆鑄和溶液浸泡法制備了納米多孔的聚電解質(zhì)薄膜。溶劑N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)對(duì)薄膜的水蒸氣透過率影響并不大。以DMF作溶劑的薄膜平均水蒸氣透過率為629g·m-2·day-1,稍低于以DMAc做溶劑的薄膜(646 g·m-2·day-1)。
[Abstract]:Although most of the toxic substances can be separated from the traditional biodegradable protective materials, there are some problems such as poor air permeability. Long time wear by individual soldiers will lead to heat stress, heatstroke and so on. The ideal biochemical protective material is to block toxic substances, while ensuring the effective transmission of water vapor. In this paper, the ordered structure of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) is used to improve the moisture permeability of traditional biochemical protective clothing. The research is divided into the following three parts: firstly, a breathable biochemical protective material based on lyotropic liquid crystal / butyl rubber (LLC / R) is studied. In this paper, a new cross-linked dichotomic ammonium salt-lyotropic liquid crystal monomer was synthesized by two-step method. The mixed system of the monomer and water was characterized by polarizing microscope (POM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). When the LLC monomer is mixed with water, it tends to form a layered phase. When the mass fraction of the monomer is 78-83%, the mixed system behaves in the range of 55 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1919264