本文選題：防護材料 + 能量耗散�。� 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：研發(fā)新型、智能、高效的能量耗散材料與結(jié)構(gòu)是車輛被動安全領(lǐng)域的重要課題。本文所研究的納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)基于全新的能量耗散形式,將憎水的納米多孔材料與液體混合,通過液體在外壓下滲入納米孔道的固液作用過程消耗外界機械能,在車輛碰撞等領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,然而其物理機理及工程應(yīng)用均尚未得到充分研究。本文對納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)的能量耗散機理進行了系統(tǒng)的實驗研究,闡明了水分子在分子尺度孔道內(nèi)的滲入滲出行為及其影響機制,并研究了以納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)為填充物的薄壁管件結(jié)構(gòu)的軸向壓潰力學(xué)特性�；诓煌N類的納米多孔材料,對水分子在外壓下滲入分子尺度孔道的行為進行了系統(tǒng)的實驗研究。通過采用孔道前處理、電解質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)與多孔徑材料進行參數(shù)化研究,揭示了固液性質(zhì)與孔徑對滲入壓強的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒宏觀尺度的Young Laplace方程提出等效接觸角的概念,并證實了其能夠定量描述分子尺度的固液相對作用。利用落錘實驗的方法對納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)力學(xué)特性進行了研究,驗證了滲入機制在動態(tài)下的有效性及率相關(guān)性。著眼于固液氣三者的耦合作用,對水分子在外壓撤除時滲出分子尺度孔道的行為進行了系統(tǒng)的實驗研究。通過對滲出行為率相關(guān)性的觀測,揭示了分子尺度孔道內(nèi)氣體分子對水分子滲出行為的影響及其失效機制。通過引入硅醇基團及添加電解質(zhì)的方法分別對孔道性質(zhì)及液體性質(zhì)進行了調(diào)節(jié),闡述了其對水分子滲出行為的影響。對應(yīng)的滲出調(diào)節(jié)方法可有效提升納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)的可重復(fù)使用性及吸能密度。利用實驗及有限元模擬的方法,對納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)填充管件的軸向壓潰力學(xué)特性進行了系統(tǒng)的研究。通過準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)力學(xué)實驗、落錘沖擊實驗以及霍普金森壓桿沖擊實驗研究了填充管件在不同應(yīng)變率下的力學(xué)特性,并對其能量吸收機理及失效形式進行了分析。建立了納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)填充管件的有限元模型并進行了實驗驗證,通過對材料與結(jié)構(gòu)的參數(shù)化研究揭示了納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)與管壁的耦合作用機理�；趬簼⒘π逝c吸能密度總結(jié)了納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)填充管件的設(shè)計規(guī)律,為納米多孔材料液體系統(tǒng)的工程應(yīng)用及車用新型吸能部件的開發(fā)提供了參考。
[Abstract]:The research and development of new, intelligent and efficient energy dissipation materials and structures is an important subject in the field of vehicle passive safety. The liquid system of nano-porous material studied in this paper is based on the new energy dissipation form. The hydrophobic nano-porous material is mixed with liquid, and the external mechanical energy is consumed by the solid-liquid process of permeating into the nano-porous channel under the external pressure of liquid. It has a wide application prospect in the field of vehicle collision, but its physical mechanism and engineering application have not been fully studied. In this paper, the mechanism of energy dissipation in the liquid system of nano-porous materials has been systematically studied, and the infiltration and exudation behavior of water molecules in the pore channels at molecular scale and its influence mechanism have been elucidated. The axial crushing mechanical properties of thin-walled pipe fittings filled with nano-porous material liquid system were studied. Based on different kinds of nano-porous materials, the behavior of water molecules infiltrating into molecular scale channels under external pressure was systematically studied. The effects of solid-liquid properties and pore size on the infiltration pressure were revealed by parameterized study of porous pre-treatment, electrolyte adjustment and multi-pore materials. On this basis, the concept of equivalent contact angle is put forward by using the Young Laplace equation at macroscopic scale, and it is proved that it can quantitatively describe the solid-liquid relative action at molecular scale. The dynamic mechanical properties of liquid system of nano-porous materials were studied by drop weight test, and the validity of infiltration mechanism and the correlation of rate were verified. Based on the coupling of solid, liquid and gas, the behavior of porous channels at molecular scale during the removal of water molecules under external pressure was systematically studied. Based on the observation of the correlation of the exudation behavior rate, the influence of gas molecules in the pore channels on the exudation behavior of water molecules and its failure mechanism are revealed. The pore properties and liquid properties were adjusted by introducing silica groups and adding electrolytes respectively. The effects of silica groups and electrolytes on the exudation behavior of water molecules were discussed. The corresponding seepage regulation method can effectively improve the reusability and energy absorption density of the liquid system of nano-porous materials. By means of experiments and finite element simulation, the mechanical properties of axial crushing of pipes filled with nano-porous materials were studied systematically. The mechanical properties of filled pipe under different strain rates were studied by quasi-static mechanical experiment, drop hammer impact test and Hopkinson pressure bar impact test, and the energy absorption mechanism and failure mode were analyzed. The finite element model of the liquid system filled with nano-porous material is established and verified by experiments. The coupling mechanism between the liquid system of nano-porous material and the wall of the pipe is revealed by the parameterized study of the material and structure. Based on the crushing force efficiency and energy absorption density, the design rules of filled pipes for liquid systems of nano-porous materials are summarized, which provide a reference for the engineering application of liquid systems of nano-porous materials and the development of new energy absorption components for vehicles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U465;TB383.1

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