本文選題：殼聚糖 + 茶多酚�。� 參考：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：殼聚糖是一種天然的堿性多糖,具有良好的相容性、降解性和成膜性等生物特性,安全無(wú)毒,并且具有廣泛的抑菌活性。然而殼聚糖的抑菌能力相對(duì)有限,限制了其廣泛應(yīng)用。將殼聚糖和其他物質(zhì)一起制備成殼聚糖納米粒以提高抑菌活性,是近年來(lái)的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。本研究利用殼聚糖CS和聚天冬氨酸PAA之間離子交聯(lián)作用制備CS-PAA納米載體,裝載茶多酚TP,制備TP-CS-PAA納米粒,研究其對(duì)引起采后枇杷果實(shí)貯藏期間腐爛的病原真菌的抑菌能力,探索其在果蔬真菌病害防治中應(yīng)用的可能性。結(jié)果如下：(1) CS/PAA質(zhì)量比、攪拌時(shí)間、TP濃度對(duì)TP-CS-PAA納米粒的粒徑、Zeta電位、包埋率都有較大的影響。制備TP-CS-PAA納米粒的最佳工藝為：CS/PAA質(zhì)量比為4,攪拌時(shí)間為75 min,TP濃度為4 mg/mL時(shí),制備出的TP-CS-PAA納米粒的平均粒徑為167.1nm, PDI為O.152和Zeta電位為47.8 mV,平均包封率為24.73%。(2)運(yùn)用形態(tài)學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)等方法對(duì)采后枇杷果實(shí)病害菌進(jìn)行了分離鑒定,結(jié)果表明：尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)、三隔鐮孢菌(Fusarium tricinctum)、互隔交鏈孢霉(Alternaria alternata)、亮青霉(Penicillium crustosum)、可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)和葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)等6種病原真菌是引起枇杷果實(shí)采后病害的主要病原菌。(3)通過(guò)測(cè)定菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率和孢子萌發(fā)抑制率,研究了TP-CS-PAA納米粒對(duì)枇杷果實(shí)采后6種致病真菌的抑菌活性。結(jié)果表明：TP-CS-PAA納米粒對(duì)這6種病原真菌的菌絲生長(zhǎng)和孢子萌發(fā)均有抑制作用,且抑制作用與濃度正相關(guān)。相同濃度下,TP-CS-PAA納米粒對(duì)病原真菌的抑菌效果明顯優(yōu)于CS-TP-PAA復(fù)合物、CS-TP復(fù)合物、CS和PAA。掃描電鏡觀(guān)察表明：含0.6 mg/mL CS的TP-CS-PAA納米粒對(duì)C. acutatum和F. tricinctum菌絲形態(tài)有明顯的影響。(4)含CS濃度為3、6 mg/mL的TP-CS-PAA納米粒和CS-TP-PAA復(fù)合物處理枇杷果實(shí)后,能夠明顯降低果實(shí)的自然發(fā)病率以及針刺接種C. acutatum和F. tricinctum的發(fā)病率,抑制了針刺接種后病斑直徑的擴(kuò)大,TP-CS-PAA納米粒處理的效果明顯優(yōu)于CS-TP-PAA復(fù)合物處理的效果。
[Abstract]:Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide with good biocompatibility, biodegradability and film-forming properties. It is safe and non-toxic, and has a wide range of bacteriostatic activities. However, the antimicrobial ability of chitosan is relatively limited, which limits its wide application. The preparation of chitosan nanoparticles with other substances to improve antibacterial activity is one of the hot research topics in recent years. In this study, CS-PAA nanoparticles were prepared by ionic cross-linking between chitosan CS and polyaspartic acid (PAA). The TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles were prepared by loading tea polyphenols. The inhibitory effect of TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles on pathogenic fungi that caused rot in postharvest loquat fruits during storage was studied. To explore the possibility of its application in the prevention and control of fruit and vegetable fungal diseases. The results are as follows: (1) the mass ratio of CS/PAA and the concentration of TP in stirring time have a great influence on the particle size and the entrapment rate of TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles. When the mass ratio of TP-CS-PAA / PAA was 4 and the stirring time was 75 min TP was 4 mg/mL. The average diameter of the prepared TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles was 167.1 nm, PDI was 0.152, Zeta potential was 47.8 MV, and the average entrapment efficiency was 24.73mV.) morphological and molecular biological methods were used to isolate and identify postharvest loquat fruit disease bacteria. The results showed that six pathogenic fungi such as Colletotrichum acutatumum, Fusarium tricinctuma, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium crustosumsuma, Lasiodiplodia theobromaeand Botryosphaeria dothidea were the main pathogens causing postharvest diseases of loquat fruits. The growth rate of hyphae and the inhibition rate of spore germination were measured. The antimicrobial activity of TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles against 6 pathogenic fungi in postharvest loquat fruit was studied. The results showed that TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles could inhibit the hyphal growth and spore germination of the six pathogenic fungi, and the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with the concentration. The inhibitory effect of TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles on pathogenic fungi at the same concentration was obviously superior to that of CS-TP-PAA complexes, CS-TP complexes, CS and PAA. SEM observation showed that TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles containing 0.6 mg/mL CS significantly affected the morphology of C. acutatum and F. tricinctum mycelium. 4) TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles with CS concentration of 3 mg/mL and CS-TP-PAA complex were used to treat loquat fruit. The natural incidence of fruit and the incidence of C. acutatum and F. tricinctum after acupuncture inoculation were significantly decreased, and the effect of TP-CS-PAA nanoparticles treatment on the diameter of disease spot after acupuncture inoculation was obviously better than that of CS-TP-PAA compound treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB383.1;TS255.3

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1829769