本文選題：軟模板法 + 制備��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米材料具有四大基本效應(yīng),即表面與界面效應(yīng)、小尺寸效應(yīng)、量子尺寸效應(yīng)和宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng)。因而納米材料與傳統(tǒng)材料相比具有其獨(dú)特的良好性能,而這些性能使其能夠在很多領(lǐng)域都發(fā)揮著巨大作用,例如在催化、電學(xué)、光學(xué)、表面增強(qiáng)拉曼散射、生物醫(yī)學(xué)及生物傳感器等很多領(lǐng)域都具有廣泛的應(yīng)用潛力,這些獨(dú)特的性能和應(yīng)用又都與納米粒子的形貌和尺寸緊密相關(guān)。因此,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)納米材料形貌可控地制備非常重要。雖然近年來新的制備方法和技術(shù)不斷被開發(fā)出來,但是納米材料的可控制備卻依然十分困難,而且不夠完善,還是目前納米材料制備方面的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。因此,尋找新的合成方法來制備形貌和尺寸可控的納米材料具有重要的意義和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。此外,尋找無毒、環(huán)境友好、可再生試劑,開發(fā)綠色的制備方法也是目前研究的熱點(diǎn)。本論文以銀納米粒子為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)目前銀納米粒子的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,分別以絲膠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)為軟模板制備出了銀納米材料。首先采用簡便和綠色環(huán)保的方法制備了六角形銀納米片,研究了反應(yīng)的影響因素,探索了生長機(jī)理及其抗菌性能；其次利用超聲輔助法制備了銀納米球,研究了反應(yīng)的影響因素,提出了可能的生長機(jī)制并探究了其對(duì)亞甲基藍(lán)的催化降解性能。本論文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下：1.采用化學(xué)還原法在室溫下合成了六角形銀納米片。該方法中,銀源為硝酸銀,表面活性劑和軟模板都為絲膠,還原劑為抗壞血酸。通過XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDX, TEM等分析手段對(duì)制備的六角形銀納米片進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明,制備的六角形銀納米片形貌均勻,平均粒徑為200-300 nm,厚度為30nm。提出了六角形銀納米片的“表面活性劑導(dǎo)向生長”的生長機(jī)理,研究了反應(yīng)時(shí)間、溫度和絲膠的用量對(duì)產(chǎn)品形貌的影響,研究表明,反應(yīng)時(shí)間、溫度和絲膠的用量都可以改變產(chǎn)品的形貌。探究了六角形銀納米片對(duì)大腸桿菌和金黃色葡萄球菌抗菌活性,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,制備的六角形銀納米片對(duì)大腸桿菌(革蘭氏陰性)和金黃色葡萄球菌(革蘭氏陽性)都具有良好的抗菌效果。2.采用超聲輔助法在超聲輔助的條件下制備出了銀納米球。該方法中,銀源為銀氨溶液,表面活性劑和軟模板為PVP,還原劑為抗壞血酸。通過XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDX等分析手段對(duì)制備的銀納米球進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明,制備的銀納米球形貌均勻,分散性良好,平均粒徑為300-400nm。提出了銀納米球的生長機(jī)理,超聲波的空化作用的在銀納米球的形成過程中起著決定性的作用。研究了超聲時(shí)間、PVP和氨水的用量對(duì)產(chǎn)品形貌的影響,研究表明,超聲時(shí)間、PVP和氨水的用量都可以改變產(chǎn)品的形貌。探究了銀納米球?qū)喖谆{(lán)的催化降解活性,結(jié)果表明,制備的銀納米球?qū)喖谆{(lán)有明顯的催化降解效果。
[Abstract]:The nanomaterials have four basic effects: surface and interface effect, small size effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. As a result, nanomaterials have unique good properties compared with conventional materials, and these properties enable them to play a significant role in many fields, such as catalysis, electricity, optics, surface enhanced Raman scattering. Many fields such as biomedicine and biosensor have wide application potential. These unique properties and applications are closely related to the morphology and size of nanoparticles. Therefore, it is very important to realize the controllable preparation of nano-materials. Although new preparation methods and techniques have been developed in recent years, the controllable preparation of nanomaterials is still very difficult and not perfect, which is still the focus and difficulty in the preparation of nanomaterials. Therefore, it is of great significance and wide application prospect to find a new synthesis method to prepare nano-materials with controllable morphology and size. In addition, the search for non-toxic, environmentally friendly, renewable reagent and the development of green preparation methods are also the focus of current research. In this thesis, silver nanoparticles were prepared by using sericin and polyvinylpyrrolidone polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as soft templates according to the research status of silver nanoparticles at home and abroad. At first, hexagonal silver nanoparticles were prepared by a simple and green method, the influencing factors of the reaction were studied, the growth mechanism and antibacterial properties were explored, and the silver nanospheres were prepared by ultrasonic assisted method. The influencing factors of the reaction were studied, the possible growth mechanism was proposed and the catalytic degradation of methylene blue was investigated. The innovation of this paper is as follows: 1. Hexagonal silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction at room temperature. In this method, silver source is silver nitrate, surfactant and soft template are sericin, ascorbic acid is reducing agent. The hexagonal silver nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDX and TEM. The results show that the hexagonal silver nanoparticles have uniform morphology with an average diameter of 200-300 nm and a thickness of 30 nm. The growth mechanism of "surfactant oriented growth" of hexagonal silver nanoparticles was proposed. The effects of reaction time, temperature and dosage of sericin on the morphology of the product were studied. Both the temperature and the dosage of sericin can change the appearance of the product. The antibacterial activity of hexagonal silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The prepared hexagonal silver nanoparticles have good antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). Silver nanospheres were prepared by ultrasonic assisted method. The silver source is silver ammonia solution, the surfactant and soft template are PVP, and the reducing agent is ascorbic acid. The silver nanospheres were characterized by XRD, UV-visS, SEM, EDX and so on. The results show that the silver nanoparticles have uniform morphology and good dispersion, and the average particle size is 300 ~ 400 nm. The growth mechanism of silver nanospheres is proposed. The cavitation of ultrasonic wave plays a decisive role in the formation of silver nanospheres. The effects of the amount of ultrasonic time PVP and ammonia water on the morphology of the product were studied. The results showed that the amount of ultrasonic time PVP and ammonia water could change the morphology of the product. The catalytic degradation activity of silver nanospheres for methylene blue was investigated. The results showed that the prepared silver nanospheres had obvious catalytic degradation effect on methylene blue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O614.122

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 楊邁之，，張雯，蔡生民;包覆硬脂酸膜α－Fe_2O_3超微粒子的光譜及光電化學(xué)研究[J];高等學(xué)�；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1996年02期

2 李慧;鐘文英;許丹科;;納米銀標(biāo)記物的制備及其在生物分析中的應(yīng)用[J];廣州化工;2010年07期

3 李維芬;納米材料的性質(zhì)[J];現(xiàn)代化工;1999年06期

本文編號(hào)：1795912