發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-23 21:38

  本文選題：植物秸稈 + 離子液體��； 參考：《江蘇科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：植物秸稈是一種可再生生物質(zhì),具有生物降解性、生物相容性以及良好的力學(xué)性能等特點(diǎn)。但由于植物秸稈復(fù)雜的纖維結(jié)構(gòu)以及其不溶于水和一般溶劑,很難對(duì)其直接利用。針對(duì)以上問題,本論文通過物理法和化學(xué)法對(duì)植物纖維進(jìn)行改性,采用離子液體為溶劑,制備了功能化復(fù)合纖維膜等材料。本論文采用一步法制備了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯鹽([EMIM][DEP])等四種離子液體,并對(duì)纖維素溶解能力進(jìn)行測(cè)定,發(fā)現(xiàn)[EMIM][DEP]對(duì)纖維素具有最強(qiáng)的溶解性能,固液比為1:15,T=90℃,t=1.5 h,纖維素的溶解率達(dá)100%。首次采用超聲輔助和NaOH溶液潤(rùn)脹的方法提取植物纖維素,結(jié)果表明植物秸稈經(jīng)超聲輔助和NaOH溶液潤(rùn)脹后的失重率比單純NaOH溶液潤(rùn)脹植物纖維得到的失重率提高了15.8%,纖維素含量高達(dá)89.5%。在[EMIM][DEP]中,當(dāng)固液比為1:30,T=90℃,t=2 h,植物纖維的溶解率達(dá)100%。在離子液體中首次對(duì)植物纖維和絲素纖維(Silk Fiber,SF)進(jìn)行羧基化改性和接枝共聚改性,短時(shí)間內(nèi)提高了羧基含量和接枝率。當(dāng)T=90℃,t=2 h,羧基桑纖維(Carboxy Mulberry Fiber,CMF)的羧基含量為12.3%,當(dāng)T=60℃,t=2 h,CMF和SF的接枝率為28.9%。采用流涎法制備了CMF/SF復(fù)合膜、桑纖維/竹纖維(Mulberry Fiber/Bamboo Fiber,MF/BF)復(fù)合膜等生物質(zhì)膜,測(cè)定了他們的吸水率、溶脹率、拉伸強(qiáng)度等物化性能,通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察了每種生物質(zhì)膜的形貌,采用FTIR、XRD、TGA等方法對(duì)生物質(zhì)膜進(jìn)行表征。結(jié)果表明:CMF/SF復(fù)合膜具有較強(qiáng)的吸水性能和溶脹能力,吸水率和溶脹率分別為485%和252%;MF/BF復(fù)合膜具有較強(qiáng)的熱穩(wěn)定性和力學(xué)性能,其熱解溫度為269℃,拉伸強(qiáng)度為33.2 MPa;植物纖維經(jīng)離子液體溶解再生后由Ⅰ型纖維素轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)棰蛐屠w維素;CMF/SF復(fù)合膜和MF/SF復(fù)合膜的表面較為光滑,整合度高,具有良好的材料相容性,在食品、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域具有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Plant straw is a renewable biomass with biodegradability, biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. However, because of the complex fiber structure of plant straw and its insoluble in water and general solvent, it is difficult to use it directly. In order to solve the above problems, in this paper, the plant fibers were modified by physical and chemical methods, and the functional composite fiber membranes were prepared by using ionic liquids as solvent. In this paper, four kinds of ionic liquids ([EMIM] [DEP]) were prepared by one-step method. The solubility of cellulose was determined. It was found that [EMIM] [DEP] had the strongest solubility to cellulose. When the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 15 鈩，

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