本文選題：復(fù)合材料 + 空間限域�。� 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：聚合物基導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料是最重要的聚合物功能復(fù)合材料之一,在能量存儲(chǔ),電池電極,3D打印材料,電磁屏蔽,柔性顯示器,智能傳感器等方面有廣泛的應(yīng)用需求。理論與實(shí)踐表明,在聚合物基體中形成連續(xù)緊密的導(dǎo)電填料網(wǎng)絡(luò)是制備超高電導(dǎo)率聚合物基復(fù)合材料的關(guān)鍵。傳統(tǒng)方法普遍通過增加導(dǎo)電填料的體積分?jǐn)?shù)至電導(dǎo)率突升的逾滲閾值以上。由于聚合物基體本身電導(dǎo)率很低,通過在絕緣的聚合物基體中加入大長(zhǎng)徑比或大比表面積的導(dǎo)電填料,如炭黑粒子、碳纖維、片狀石墨、碳納米管和石墨烯,并采用合適的加工混合方法在聚合物基體中構(gòu)建導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)是當(dāng)下研究聚合物基導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的焦點(diǎn)。目前,主要有三種構(gòu)建導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法:導(dǎo)電填料自組裝法、雙連續(xù)相法和相分離法。雖然達(dá)到逾滲閾值后繼續(xù)增加填料的體積分?jǐn)?shù),還可以進(jìn)一步提高復(fù)合材料的電導(dǎo)率,但電導(dǎo)率的增加非常緩慢,卻造成了材料加工性能和力學(xué)性能的大幅下降。電導(dǎo)率無法進(jìn)一步大幅度提升的主要原因,在于導(dǎo)電填料間的平均間距對(duì)復(fù)合材料電導(dǎo)率的影響遠(yuǎn)大于填料體積分?jǐn)?shù)的影響。為了進(jìn)一步大幅度提升復(fù)合材料的導(dǎo)電性能,本文提出了一種旨在有效減小導(dǎo)電粒子平均間距的導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建方法:空間限域強(qiáng)制組裝法(SCFNA),其核心就是通過機(jī)械手段,對(duì)共混體系進(jìn)行空間限域擠壓和界面微納米機(jī)械組裝,從而對(duì)功能分散相施加遠(yuǎn)大于自組裝作用力的“強(qiáng)制組裝力”,強(qiáng)制“擠走”導(dǎo)電粒子間的聚合物,實(shí)現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的密實(shí)化,為大幅度提高導(dǎo)電性能提供了可能性。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:1,采用該方法分別選取了熱固性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和熱塑性聚丙烯(PP)兩種聚合物基體,選用短切碳纖維(SCF)為導(dǎo)電填料,制備并獲得了導(dǎo)電性能比傳統(tǒng)共混法電導(dǎo)率高出數(shù)倍甚至數(shù)量級(jí)提高的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料PDMS/SCF和PP/SCF。導(dǎo)電滲流閾值僅為0.45wt%和3.5wt%。研究了加工參數(shù)、填料濃度、壓縮厚度、微結(jié)構(gòu)陣列對(duì)復(fù)合材料導(dǎo)電性能的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)壓縮厚度是除填料濃度外影響復(fù)合材料電導(dǎo)率的一個(gè)重要因素,尤其在高填料濃度下。驗(yàn)證了空間限域強(qiáng)制組裝法制備高性能導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的可行性和性能提升潛力。2,采用空間限域強(qiáng)制組裝法制備了三元導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料,對(duì)比石墨烯、超導(dǎo)炭黑粒子,發(fā)現(xiàn)多壁碳納米管與短切碳纖維協(xié)同組合復(fù)合材料導(dǎo)電性能最優(yōu)。同時(shí)三種組份的加工混合順序明顯影響復(fù)合材料的導(dǎo)電性能和機(jī)械性能,改變?nèi)M份PDMS、(導(dǎo)電炭黑)CCB、SCF混合加工順序,PDMS/SCF/CCB復(fù)合材料的導(dǎo)電性能和力學(xué)性能發(fā)生變化。采用PDMS與CCB先密煉共混后再加入SCF共混的加工順序制備的復(fù)合材料導(dǎo)電性能最優(yōu),而采用SCF與CCB混勻后再加入PDMS密煉共混的加工順序制備的復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能最優(yōu)。3,采用空間限域強(qiáng)制組裝法制備了 PDMS/SCF-Bolting Cloth (篩網(wǎng))導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料,其中篩網(wǎng)起到了降低復(fù)合材料導(dǎo)電滲流閾值和提高復(fù)合材料機(jī)械性能雙重作用,導(dǎo)電滲流閾值低至0.06wt%。此外,通過控制篩網(wǎng)層數(shù)可獲得單表面絕緣或者雙表面絕緣的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。通過添加少量納米填料如超導(dǎo)炭黑粒子、石墨烯等可調(diào)節(jié)材料表面導(dǎo)電性能。
[Abstract]:Polymer based conductive composites are one of the most important polymer functional composites. They have wide application requirements in energy storage, battery electrodes, 3D printing materials, electromagnetic shielding, flexible displays, intelligent sensors and so on. Theory and practice show that the formation of a continuous and compact conductive filler network in the polymer matrix is the preparation of super high. The key to the conductivity of polymer matrix composites. The traditional method is generally by increasing the volume fraction of the conductive filler to the percolation threshold of the conductivity increase. Because the conductivity of the polymer matrix is very low, the conductive filler, such as carbon black particles, carbon fiber, is added to the insulating polymer matrix by adding large diameter ratio or large surface product. Flake graphite, carbon nanotubes and graphene are the focus of conducting conductive composites in polymer matrix at present. At present, there are three main methods of conducting conductive networks: self-assembly of conductive filler, double continuous phase method and phase separation method. Although the percolation threshold is reached, the percolation threshold is reached. The conductivity of the composite can be further increased by increasing the volume fraction of the filler, but the increase of the conductivity is very slow, but it causes a significant decrease in the material processing and mechanical properties. The main reason for the failure to further increase the conductivity lies in the average distance between the conductive filler and the conductivity of the composite material. In order to further improve the conductive properties of the composites, a method of constructing a conductive network to effectively reduce the average spacing of conductive particles is proposed in this paper. The space confinement force assembly (SCFNA) method is the core of the space confinement of the blends through mechanical means. The pressure and interface micro nano mechanical assembly, which exerts "forced assembly force" which is far larger than self assembly force, compelling "squeeze" the polymer between conductive particles to realize the compactness of the conductive network, which provides the possibility of greatly improving the conductivity. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1, using this method, Two kinds of polymer matrix of thermosetting polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) and thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) are selected. Short cut carbon fiber (SCF) is selected as conductive filler. The conductive properties of the conductive composites, PDMS/SCF and PP/SCF., are only 0.45wt% and 3., which are higher than those of the traditional blending method, which are several times higher than those of the traditional blending method. 5wt%. has studied the effect of processing parameters, packing concentration, compression thickness and microstructural array on the conductive properties of composite materials. It is found that the compression thickness is an important factor affecting the conductivity of composite materials except the concentration of filler, especially at the high packing concentration. The property and performance enhancement potential.2, three element conductive composite materials are prepared by space restricted confinement assembly method, compared with graphene and superconducting carbon black particles. It is found that the conductive properties of the composite composite materials with multi wall carbon nanotubes and short cut carbon fibers are the best. At the same time, the processing mixing order of the three components obviously affects the electrical conductivity and the mechanical properties of the composites. The electrical properties and mechanical properties of the three components PDMS, (conductive carbon black) CCB, SCF mixed processing order, the conductivity and mechanical properties of PDMS/SCF/CCB composites are changed. The conductive properties of the composites prepared by PDMS and CCB blending before adding SCF blend are optimal, while SCF and CCB are mixed and then blended with PDMS to blend and blend. The mechanical properties of the composites prepared by the processing sequence are the best.3, and the PDMS/SCF-Bolting Cloth (sieve) conductive composite is prepared by the space confinement forced assembly method. The screen net plays a dual role in reducing the conductive percolation threshold of the composite material and improving the mechanical properties of the composite, and the conductive percolation threshold is lower to 0.06wt%.. The number of screen layers can be used to obtain conductive composites with single surface insulation or double surface insulation. By adding a small amount of nano filler, such as superconductive carbon black particles, graphene and so on, the conductive properties of the material can be adjusted.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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