本文選題：聚醚酰亞胺 + 復(fù)合材料層壓板��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：纖維增強樹脂基復(fù)合材料由于具有低密度、高比強度和比模量、耐腐蝕、耐疲勞等優(yōu)點，已經(jīng)在航空航天、汽車、船舶和體育用品等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著航空航天技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對先進(jìn)復(fù)合材料的性能要求越來越高，傳統(tǒng)環(huán)氧和雙馬樹脂基復(fù)合材料的使用溫度已不能滿足使用要求.聚酰亞胺樹脂由于具有優(yōu)異的耐熱性、耐化學(xué)介質(zhì)性、耐輻射性和良好的綜合力學(xué)性能，可以作為樹脂基體用于制備在300oC以上高溫度條件下使用的高性能復(fù)合材料。由于傳統(tǒng)聚酰亞胺具有難溶難熔的特性，目前應(yīng)用的聚酰亞胺復(fù)合材料主要以熱固性聚酰亞胺樹脂基體為主。雖然熱固性聚酰亞胺復(fù)合材料的耐熱性能優(yōu)良，它仍然具有熱固性樹脂基復(fù)合材料的共同缺點，，耐沖擊性能相對于熱塑性樹脂基復(fù)合材料較差，即沖擊后壓縮強度（CAI）值相對較低，導(dǎo)致其在航空航天應(yīng)用中的復(fù)合材料結(jié)構(gòu)件的破損安全性能較差。因而，出于對耐熱性和耐沖擊性能的要求，熱塑性聚酰亞胺樹脂基復(fù)合材料的研究和應(yīng)用被廣泛的開展起來。 本文選用聚醚酰亞胺作為復(fù)合材料樹脂基體，基于其良好的耐熱性和熔融加工能力，希望能通過利用聚醚酰亞胺樹脂膜與碳纖維布交替鋪疊然后再熱壓成型的成本較低且相對簡單的方法來制備復(fù)合材料層壓板，同時對比了其他方法（薄膜法和混合法）制備的層壓板的相關(guān)性能。通過改變碳纖維布的類型、碳纖布表面的處理方式以及樹脂膜的厚度，利用層間剪切強度（ILSS）、DSC、DMA測試考察了這些條件對復(fù)合材料層壓板的性能影響。同時又對復(fù)合材料層壓板分別進(jìn)行了濕熱老化和濕熱老化再干燥處理，評價了其吸水率及老化前后的層間剪切強度和儲能模量的變化情況。 實驗結(jié)果表明：碳纖維布表面的硝酸處理、PEI樹脂膜厚度的增加、4HS碳纖維布的應(yīng)用有利于薄膜法制備的層壓板ILSS值的提高；層壓板L8N4K和PEI預(yù)浸料制備的層壓板L8P的ILSS值幾乎相同，且在所有制備的層壓板中ILSS值最大，約為80MPa。DSC測試結(jié)果證實了在成型后復(fù)合材料層壓板中殘余內(nèi)應(yīng)力的存在。由于制備條件的不同，各復(fù)合材料層壓板的DSC和DMA測試結(jié)果也不盡相同。薄樹脂膜制備的層壓板的耐吸水性能較差，濕熱老化后的吸水率均大于1%。濕熱老化后層壓板的ILSS值相對于老化之前有所降低，但大小變化順序與老化之前的幾乎相同，仍然是層壓板L8P的ILSS值最大，為70.6Mpa。層壓板L8N4K和L8A4K老化后的ILSS值也相對較高，分別為65.4MPa和50.9MPa。相比于老化之前，濕熱老化及濕熱老化再干燥處理后層壓板的儲能模量和Tg均有不同程度的變化。硝酸處理的碳纖維布增強的層壓板L8N4K和L8N5K濕熱老化后的儲能模量曲線會出現(xiàn)“雙玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變”特殊現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)過在100oC再干燥處理24h后該現(xiàn)象將隨之消失。 最終，通過試驗研究且綜合考慮了適宜的加工條件，確定了層間剪切強度和玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度較高，耐吸濕性較好的綜合性能較佳的制備方法較為簡單的層壓板的制備條件，為50μm厚的聚醚酰亞胺樹脂膜和丙酮處理的4HS碳纖維布制備的復(fù)合材料層壓板L8A4K。
[Abstract]:With the advantages of low density, high specific strength and modulus, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile, ship and sports products. With the development of aerospace technology, the performance of advanced composite materials is becoming more and more demanding, traditional epoxy and double horse. The use temperature of resin based composites can not meet the requirements of use. Polyimide resin can be used as a resin matrix for the preparation of high performance composites at high temperature conditions above 300oC because of its excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, radiation resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties. The polyimide composites are mainly based on the thermosetting polyimide resin matrix. Although the thermosetting polyimide composites have excellent heat-resistant properties, it still has the common shortcomings of the thermosetting resin matrix composites, and the impact resistance is relatively poor compared to the thermoplastic resin matrix composites. That is, the compression strength (CAI) after shock is relatively low, which leads to the poor safety performance of the composite structure parts in aerospace applications. Therefore, the research and application of thermoplastic polyimide resin matrix composites have been widely carried out for the requirements of heat resistance and impact resistance.
In this paper, polyether imide (polyether imide) is used as a composite resin matrix. Based on its good heat resistance and melting processing ability, it is hoped that the composite laminates can be prepared by using polyether imide resin film and carbon fiber cloth alternately and then hot pressing, and the composite laminates are prepared in a relatively low cost and relatively simple method. The correlation properties of the laminates prepared by the thin film method and the mixed method are investigated by changing the type of carbon fiber cloth, the treatment mode of the surface of the carbon fiber cloth and the thickness of the resin film, and using the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), DSC, and DMA tests to investigate the effects of these conditions on the properties of the laminates of the composite material. The moisture absorption and the interlaminar shear strength and modulus of storage before and after aging were evaluated.
The experimental results show that the surface of the carbon fiber cloth is treated with nitric acid, the thickness of the PEI resin film is increased, the application of 4HS carbon fiber cloth is beneficial to the increase of the ILSS value of the laminates prepared by the film method. The ILSS value of the laminates of laminate L8N4K and PEI prepreg prepared by the laminate is almost the same, and the ILSS value is the largest in all the prepared laminates, about 80MPa.DSC The test results confirm the existence of residual internal stress in the laminated composite laminates after forming. Because of the different preparation conditions, the DSC and DMA results of the composite laminates are not the same. The water absorbability of the laminate prepared by the thin resin film is poor, and the water absorption rate after the hot and hot aging is greater than the ILSS of the 1%. laminates after the wet and hot aging. The value of the value is lower than that before aging, but the order of change in size is almost the same as before aging, and the ILSS value of the laminating plate L8P is the largest, and the ILSS value of the 70.6Mpa. laminate L8N4K and L8A4K is relatively higher, which is compared with 65.4MPa and 50.9MPa. before the aging, the wet heat aging, the wet heat aging and the re drying of the laminates. The energy storage modulus and Tg have different degrees of change. The energy storage modulus curve of the laminates reinforced by nitric acid treated carbon fiber cloth, L8N4K and L8N5K, will appear a special phenomenon of "double glass transition", and the phenomenon will disappear after the 100oC redrying of 24h.
Finally, through the experimental study and comprehensive consideration of the suitable processing conditions, the preparation conditions of a more simple preparation method for the preparation of the laminates with a higher interlayer shear strength and a higher glass transition temperature and better hygroscopicity have been determined, which are prepared by a polyether imide resin film with 50 m thick and the 4HS carbon fiber cloth treated with acetone. Composite laminates L8A4K.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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