本文選題：導(dǎo)電材料 + 碳納米管��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：富勒烯、碳納米管、石墨烯等碳納米材料因具有獨特物理和化學性能而被廣泛應(yīng)用于生物醫(yī)學、電子工業(yè)、磁性材料、光電材料、分子器件、汽車工業(yè)、隱身技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域。膨脹石墨因其具有較大的比表面積和特殊形態(tài)，易于在聚合物基體中形成導(dǎo)電通道，在改善聚合物的電性能，力學性能方面具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。利用納米插層技術(shù)制備出低滲濾閾值的碳基導(dǎo)電高分子復(fù)合材料是人們關(guān)注的熱點之一。 本文分別以聚丙烯、聚乙烯為基體，以碳材料為填料，制備了膨脹石墨/多壁碳納米管/聚丙烯（EG/MWCNTs/PP）、膨脹石墨/炭黑/聚乙烯（EG/CB/PE）高分子導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料，采用差示掃描量熱儀（DSC）、熱失重儀（TGA）、萬能拉力機、掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）等不同的表征手段研究了碳材料用量對聚合物復(fù)合材料性能影響。研究結(jié)果表明： 1.在膨脹石墨/多壁碳納米管/聚丙烯（EG/MWCNTs/PP）體系中，片層狀膨脹石墨和纖維狀多壁碳納米管在聚丙烯基體中形成了完整而穩(wěn)定的導(dǎo)電“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，而且具有良好的分散效果，致使聚丙烯復(fù)合材料的拉伸強度和斷裂伸長率明顯提高，在EG/MWCNTs=0.1/0.1份時，復(fù)合材料的拉伸強度和斷裂伸長率達到最大值。復(fù)合碳基材料的加入，影響了聚丙烯的結(jié)晶行為，改善了聚丙烯復(fù)合材料的耐熱性能，顯著提高了聚丙烯復(fù)合材料的導(dǎo)電性能，其逾滲閥值在到EG/MWCNTs為0.1/0.1到0.5/0.5份之間。聚丙烯體系非等溫結(jié)晶數(shù)據(jù)符合莫氏方程。通過Kissinger方法計算出，當填料EG/MWCNTs=0.1/0.1份，復(fù)合材料體系的結(jié)晶活化能最低，，隨著所加入填料含量的不斷增加，結(jié)晶活化能逐漸增大。 2.在膨脹石墨/炭黑/聚乙烯（EG/CB/PE）體系中，層狀膨脹石墨和球狀炭黑在聚乙烯基體中均勻分散，炭黑在體系中起到了“橋梁”作用，與膨脹石墨形成了穩(wěn)定的空間導(dǎo)電通道。由于這兩種導(dǎo)電填料間隙之間的隧道效應(yīng)使得聚乙烯基復(fù)合材料具有優(yōu)良的導(dǎo)電性能。當EG/CB=0.2/0.4份時，復(fù)合材料的拉伸強度和斷裂伸長率達到最小值。聚乙烯體系非等溫結(jié)晶過程符合莫氏方程。通過Kissinger方法計算出，當填料EG/CB=0.2/0.4份時，復(fù)合材料體系的結(jié)晶活化能最低，達到222.4KJ/mol，這說明碳基材料在的加入降低了體系結(jié)晶活化能，有利于體系結(jié)晶。
[Abstract]:Fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other carbon nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedicine, electronic industry, magnetic materials, optoelectronic materials, molecular devices, automobile industry, stealth technology and other fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties.Because of its large specific surface area and special morphology, expanded graphite is easy to form conductive channels in polymer matrix, which has a broad application prospect in improving the electrical properties and mechanical properties of polymer.Carbon-based conductive polymer composites with low percolation threshold were prepared by nano-intercalation technology.In this paper, the expanded graphite / multiwall carbon nanotubes / polypropylene (PP) EGR / MWCNT / PP / PP / expanded graphite / carbon black / polyethylene (PE) conductive polymer composites were prepared by using polypropylene and polyethylene as the matrix and carbon materials as fillers, respectively.The effects of carbon content on the properties of polymer composites were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), universal tension machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show that:1.In the system of expandable graphite / multiwall carbon nanotubes / PP / EGR / MWCNTs / PP, lamellar expanded graphite and fibrous multiwalled carbon nanotubes form a complete and stable conductive "network" in polypropylene matrix, and have good dispersion effect.As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break of polypropylene composites increased obviously, and the tensile strength and elongation at break reached the maximum when EG/MWCNTs=0.1/0.1 content was used.The addition of carbon based composite material affects the crystallization behavior of PP, improves the heat resistance of PP composites, and improves the conductivity of PP composites. The percolation threshold of PP composites is between 0.1 / 0.1 and 0.5 / 0.5 phr of EG/MWCNTs.The nonisothermal crystallization data of polypropylene system accord with Morse equation.The results of Kissinger method show that the crystallization activation energy of the composite system is the lowest when the filler EG/MWCNTs=0.1/0.1 fraction is added, and the crystallization activation energy increases with the increasing of the filler content.2.In the expanded graphite / carbon black / polyethylene (PE) system, the layered expanded graphite and the spherical carbon black dispersed uniformly in the polyethylene matrix. The carbon black acted as a "bridge" in the system and formed a stable space conductive channel with the expanded graphite.Due to the tunneling effect between the two conductive fillers, polyethylene matrix composites have excellent electrical conductivity.When EG/CB=0.2/0.4 is used, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites reach the minimum value.The non isothermal crystallization process of polyethylene system accords with Morse equation.The results of Kissinger method show that the crystallization activation energy of the composites is the lowest when the filler is EG/CB=0.2/0.4, reaching 222.4 KJ / mol, which indicates that the addition of carbon-based materials reduces the crystallization activation energy of the system and is beneficial to the crystallization of the composites.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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