發(fā)布時間：2018-04-12 18:09

  本文選題：金屬改性 + 分子篩��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：火災(zāi)是全世界范圍影響最大的自然災(zāi)害之一,給人類社會造成了巨大的生命、財產(chǎn)損失。許多火災(zāi)的發(fā)生和擴大都與木材缺乏耐火性密切相關(guān),對木材進行阻燃處理對于保障人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全具有重要意義。但是木材經(jīng)阻燃處理后,由于阻燃劑抑制了木材的充分燃燒,以CO為代表的不完全氧化毒性組分的煙氣釋放量往往會成倍增加,造成嚴(yán)重的“二次危害”。因此,對木材進行阻燃處理的同時還需進行抑煙、減毒處理,主要目的是降低煙霧和以CO為代表的有毒氣體的釋放量。分子篩和氣凝膠兩種多孔材料都具有很大的比表面積,具有一定的吸附、催化和負(fù)載能力；過渡金屬元素對CO、NOx等不完全氧化組分有很強的催化氧化能力,常用于汽車尾氣的凈化處理�；诙嗫撞牧虾瓦^渡金屬元素的這些優(yōu)點,本文以多孔材料為載體,將對CO具有催化氧化能力的過渡金屬元素負(fù)載在多孔材料上,然后和阻燃劑——聚磷酸銨(APP)復(fù)合用于碎料板阻燃,探索了這兩種多孔材料在阻燃碎料板中的抑煙減毒作用,研究了在實木中原位生成APP/氣凝膠復(fù)合阻燃體系的工藝和抑煙減毒效果。(1)APP對木材碎料板具有高效的阻燃作用,但以CO為代表的有毒氣體釋放量大幅增加。實驗結(jié)果表明：純APP阻燃木材的總熱釋放量(THR)相對空白樣降低了46.9%,總煙釋放量(TSP)降低55.7%,但CO平均產(chǎn)量(COY)是空白樣的2.09倍,造成嚴(yán)重的“二次危害”。(2)金屬改性分子篩-APP復(fù)合處理的木材碎料板不僅阻燃效果好,而且煙和毒氣釋放量均大幅降低。實驗結(jié)果表明：鐵、銅改性分子篩-APP的THR相對空白樣分別降低36.8%、39.8%,TSP降低69.3%、72.8%,CO平均產(chǎn)量(COY)降低40.2%、44.5%。分子篩與聚磷酸銨的協(xié)同作用可減少無定形炭的生成,使炭層結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,有效防止炭層爆裂,延緩里層木材的燃燒,使得第二放熱峰峰值大幅降低并延遲出峰時間,降低木材在火災(zāi)中的危險性。(3)氣凝膠的阻燃和抑煙減毒效果均比分子篩好,金屬改性氣凝膠具有優(yōu)異的抑煙減毒功效,金屬元素增加了氣凝膠的催化活性,催化效率得到提高。研究結(jié)果表明：氣凝膠-APP處理碎料板的平均熱釋放速率(a-HRR)比分子篩低11.1%,THR比分子篩低7.2%；鐵、銅改性氣凝膠-APP的THR相對空白樣分別降低40.3%、42.1%,TSP降低73.1%、75.9%,COY降低49.3%、53.3%。氣凝膠的低密度和高孔隙率特性對阻燃、抑煙和減毒方面有積極影響,氣凝膠與APP復(fù)合阻燃可保證高效阻燃的同時實現(xiàn)少煙低毒。氣凝膠優(yōu)異的隔熱性能導(dǎo)致木粉的特征分解溫度滯后失重率降低；對殘余炭表面的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)致密程度分析表明,氣凝膠形成的炭層比分子篩更加致密,炭層結(jié)構(gòu)更加穩(wěn)定,能有效隔絕里層木材和外界的熱質(zhì)傳遞,對里層木材起到了很好的保護作用。(4)真空-加壓浸注處理實木的工藝條件為：常溫條件下,利用HCl-HF復(fù)合催化劑催化聚磷酸銨/正硅酸乙酯(APP/TEOS)溶液,n(HCl):n(HF)=1.2:1,復(fù)合催化劑用量為3%,0.5 MPa壓力下保壓7 h,載藥率可達到20%。研究表明：經(jīng)過催化、浸注和冷凍干燥等步驟,完成了APP/氣凝膠復(fù)合物在木材內(nèi)部的原位生成。原位生成了APP/鐵、銅改性氣凝膠阻燃實木樣品在50 kW/m2的輻射強度下不燃燒,相對空白樣的THR分別降低86.8%、90.5%,TSP分別降低了68.8%、71.6%,COY分別降低了72.4%、73.1%,在木材內(nèi)部原位生成的APP/氣凝膠阻燃體系具有優(yōu)異的阻燃和抑煙減毒效果。存在于氣凝膠多孔結(jié)構(gòu)體系中的APP作為客體物質(zhì),當(dāng)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時釋放出來起阻燃作用,金屬改性氣凝膠作為吸附劑和催化劑,可以將以CO為代表的不完全氧化的毒性組分定向催化轉(zhuǎn)化為低毒或無毒產(chǎn)物,實現(xiàn)抑煙減毒的目的。論文的主要創(chuàng)新點在于,將分子篩和氣凝膠兩種多孔材料運用到木材阻燃中的抑煙減毒研究,并用具有催化氧化能力的過渡金屬元素對兩種多孔材料改性,金屬改性氣凝膠與APP的完美結(jié)合可實現(xiàn)木材的高效阻燃和少煙低毒,并據(jù)此研究出了一套在木材中原位生成APP/氣凝膠的技術(shù)方法,為豐富實木阻燃技術(shù)和理論提供了科學(xué)實驗依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Fire is one of the largest natural disasters in the world, caused huge life and property loss to human society. Many fire accidents and expand and lack of wood fire resistance is closely related to flame retardant treatment is important for the protection of people's life and property safety of wood treated by flame retardant wood. However, due to the full the combustion flame retardant inhibited wood, incomplete oxidation of toxic components of flue gas represented by the CO release often doubled, resulting in serious "two danger". Therefore, the flame retardant on wood processing also need to smoke suppression, attenuated processing, the main purpose is to release toxic gases to reduce the smoke and represented by CO. And the two kinds of molecular sieve gel porous material has large surface area, has certain adsorption, catalysis and load capacity; transition metal elements of CO, N Ox components are the incomplete oxidation catalytic oxidation ability is very strong, commonly used in the purification of automobile exhaust. The advantages of porous materials and transition metal elements based on the porous material carrier, transition metals with catalytic oxidation ability of CO supported on porous materials, and then the flame retardant poly ammonium phosphate (APP) composite used for flame retardant particleboard, explore the smoke suppression these two kinds of porous materials on flame retardant Particleboard in reducing toxicity, studied in the in situ process of solid wood composite flame retardant system of APP/ aerogel and smoke suppression effect is attenuated. (1) APP, with flame retardant effect on wood particleboard, but toxic gas represented by the CO release increased significantly. The experimental results show that the total heat release amount of pure APP fire retardant wood (THR) relative to the blank sample decreased by 46.9%, total smoke release (TSP) decreased by 55.7%, but the average yield of CO (COY) Is 2.09 times that of the blank sample, causing serious "two danger". (2) metal modified -APP molecular sieve composite processing wood particleboard not only good flame retardant effect, and smoke and gas emissions were greatly reduced. The experimental results show that the iron and copper modified molecular sieve -APP THR relative to the blank sample decreased 36.8%, 39.8%, 72.8%, TSP decreased by 69.3%, the average yield of CO (COY) decreased 40.2%, the synergistic effect of 44.5%. molecular sieve and ammonium polyphosphate can reduce the formation of amorphous carbon, the carbon layer structure, effectively prevent the carbon layer burst, delaying layer of wood burning, the second exothermic peak sharply to reduce and delay the peak time, reducing the risk of wood in the fire. (3) flame retardant and smoke inhibition of aerogel attenuated effect than molecular sieve, metal modified aerogel has excellent smoke suppression effect of decreasing toxicity, metal elements increased the catalytic activity of the aerogel, catalytic efficiency Improved. Research results show that the average heat treatment of -APP aerogel particleboard release rate (a-HRR) than the 11.1% lower than THR molecular sieve, molecular sieve 7.2%; iron, copper modified aerogels -APP THR relative to the blank sample respectively decreased 40.3%, 42.1%, 75.9%, TSP decreased 73.1%, COY decreased 49.3%. 53.3%. aerogels with low density and high porosity characteristics of flame retardant, have a positive impact on the smoke suppression and reducing toxicity, aerogels and APP composite flame retardant can ensure the realization of efficient flame retardant and low smoke and low toxicity. The aerogel insulation performance excellent characteristics of the wood powder decomposition temperature lag weight loss rate decreased; the dense degree of residual carbon surface the microstructure analysis showed that the carbon aerogel layer formed over molecular sieve carbon layer structure is more compact, more stable, can effectively isolate the layer in wood and external heat and mass transfer, to a very good protective effect on the layer in the wood. (4) vacuum - plus The pressure leaching process conditions of injection treated wood were: room temperature conditions, the use of HCl-HF composite catalyst of ammonium polyphosphate / TEOS (APP/TEOS) solution, n (HCl): n (HF) =1.2:1 composite catalyst is 3% and 0.5 under MPa pressure for 7 h, the drug loading rate can reach 20%. show that the catalytic leaching step injection and freeze drying, in situ completed APP/ aerogel composite in wood. In situ APP/ iron, copper modified aerogels flame retardant wood samples do not burn in the radiation intensity of 50 kW/m2, relative to the blank sample THR were decreased by 86.8%, 90.5%, TSP respectively. Decreased by 68.8%, 71.6%, COY were reduced by 72.4%, 73.1%, in wood in situ formed APP/ aerogel flame retardant system has excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression effect. Attenuated in the aerogel porous structure in the system of APP as the material object, when fire happens, released from Effect of flame retardant, metal modified aerogels as adsorbent and catalyst can be toxic group of incomplete oxidation with CO as the representative of the direct catalytic conversion to low toxic or non-toxic products, achieve smoke suppression attenuated. The main innovation of this paper lies in that the molecular sieve gel and two kinds of smoke suppression fire retardant wood the attenuated study using porous materials, and two kinds of porous material modified by transition metals with catalytic oxidation ability, perfect combination of metal modified aerogels and APP can achieve efficient flame retardant wood and low smoke and low toxicity, and accordingly developed a generation of APP/ aerogel in situ of wood technology and methods, to provide the scientific basis for enriching the theory and technology of flame retardant wood.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.4

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