本文選題：鉑基納米催化劑　切入點(diǎn)：多孔/中空結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)化石燃料的日益枯竭,環(huán)境污染的持續(xù)加重,迫使人們大力探索新的清潔能源。燃料電池以其高效的能量利用率,清潔的產(chǎn)物排放日益受到各行業(yè)的關(guān)注與青睞。然而作為燃料電池的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵及成本關(guān)鍵的鉑基催化劑的催化性能仍不能勝任大規(guī)模商業(yè)化使用的需要。所以我們迫切的需要研發(fā)出具有高催化性能的鉑基催化劑。本文就多孔/中空狀鉑基納米催化劑的設(shè)計(jì),可控合成及催化性能做了研究。以期能制備出具有高活性、高穩(wěn)定性的鉑基納米催化劑,以降低燃料電池中鉑的使用量,降低燃料電池的成本,最終達(dá)到商業(yè)化大規(guī)模使用燃料電池的目的。具體工作內(nèi)容如下:1.利用溫和的種子成長法合成多孔PtAg合金納米顆粒。該鉑基納米顆粒可通過調(diào)節(jié)成長液中Ag NO3與H2Pt Cl6加入量的比值,實(shí)現(xiàn)納米顆粒的形貌由多圓角花瓣?duì)钪炼嗉饨前嗣骟w狀的可控合成,同時(shí)產(chǎn)物納米顆粒中的Pt/Ag原子數(shù)比從3.17(Pt76Ag24)變至1.94(Pt66Ag34)。實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)鉑基催化劑形貌及組分的同時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)。對(duì)硝基苯酚的催化還原及電催化氧化甲醇的性能測試顯示Pt Ag合金納米顆粒,尤其是多孔八面體Pt70Ag30納米顆粒,展現(xiàn)出極高的催化活性及穩(wěn)定性。這提示了我們可以通過同時(shí)調(diào)控Pt基納米顆粒的形貌與組分,來提升Pt基納米顆粒的催化性能。2.利用PdCl42-與PtCl62-還原反應(yīng)速率的差異及后續(xù)空氣的氧化刻蝕,制備出了多孔樹突狀PtPd雙金屬納米顆粒,多孔空心櫻花狀PtPd合金納米顆粒及多孔籠狀PtPd合金納米顆粒,并通過控制Pd前驅(qū)體投入量等因素實(shí)現(xiàn)了空心納米顆粒孔經(jīng),殼層厚度以及元素組成的調(diào)節(jié)。得到的PtPd雙金屬納米顆粒具有十分優(yōu)異的甲醇電化學(xué)氧化催化活性,其中碳負(fù)載的多孔中空櫻花狀Pt32Pd68納米顆粒具有超好的電催化穩(wěn)定性,在循環(huán)測試1000次后仍能保持96.69%的電催化活性。
[Abstract]:The depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the worsening of environmental pollution force people to explore new clean energy sources.Fuel cells are attracting more and more attention for their high energy efficiency and clean emission.However, as the key technology and cost of fuel cells, platinum-based catalysts still can not meet the needs of large-scale commercial use.Therefore, we urgently need to develop platinum-based catalysts with high catalytic performance.In this paper, the design, controllable synthesis and catalytic performance of porous / hollow platinum-based nanocatalysts were studied.In order to prepare high activity and high stability platinum based nanometer catalyst can reduce the use of platinum in fuel cell and reduce the cost of fuel cell and finally achieve the purpose of commercial use of fuel cell on a large scale.The details of the work are as follows: 1.Porous PtAg alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by mild seed growth method.By adjusting the ratio of Ag NO3 to H2Pt Cl6 in the growth solution, the platinum based nanoparticles can be synthesized by controllable synthesis of polypetal shape and octahedron at most.At the same time, the ratio of Pt/Ag atoms in the nanoparticles was changed from 3.17 渭 m Pt76Ag24) to 1.94 Pt66Ag34 渭 mol 路mol ~ (-1) 路mol ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1).The morphology and composition of platinum based catalyst were adjusted simultaneously.Catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol and electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol showed that Pt-Ag alloy nanoparticles, especially porous octahedral Pt70Ag30 nanoparticles, exhibited very high catalytic activity and stability.This suggests that we can improve the catalytic performance of Pt based nanoparticles by simultaneously regulating the morphology and composition of Pt-based nanoparticles.The porous dendritic PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles, porous hollow cherry blossom PtPd alloy nanoparticles and porous cage PtPd alloy nanoparticles were prepared by using the difference in the rate of reduction reaction between PdCl42- and PtCl62- and the subsequent air oxidation etching.The pore path, shell thickness and element composition of hollow nanocrystalline particles were adjusted by controlling the amount of PD precursor input.The obtained PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles have excellent catalytic activity for methanol electrochemical oxidation. The carbon supported porous hollow Cherry cherry (Pt32Pd68) nanoparticles have excellent electrocatalytic stability.The electrocatalytic activity of 96.69% was maintained after 1000 cycles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O643.36;TB383.1

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