本文選題：廢舊橡膠　切入點(diǎn)：復(fù)合材料　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：利用廢舊橡膠粉、塑料(HDPE)和木粉制備木橡塑三元復(fù)合材料(WRPC)是木質(zhì)多元復(fù)合的新探索,在該體系中,木質(zhì)材料作為增強(qiáng)相,起到“骨架”作用,橡膠則起到彈性增強(qiáng)作用,塑料基體充當(dāng)復(fù)合材料中的“膠黏劑”成分,將三相材料結(jié)合在一起。本文采用擠出成型方法制備三元復(fù)合材料,系統(tǒng)探究了木橡塑三元復(fù)合材料的原料配比、界面改性及橡膠增韌效果評(píng)價(jià)等問(wèn)題,為制備木橡塑三元復(fù)合材料提供理論基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)果表明:1、三種原料之間的配比比例對(duì)材料力學(xué)性能影響顯著。橡膠的加入,改善了材料的沖擊強(qiáng)度,但削弱了材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度和彎曲強(qiáng)度。木粉與廢舊橡膠粉在力學(xué)性能上具有明顯的互補(bǔ)性。三元復(fù)合體系中,木粉用量宜在30%以上,且塑料/橡膠不小于4/6方能獲得一定的強(qiáng)度,同時(shí)保證成型。2、研究橡膠的增韌效果時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),將廢舊橡膠粉添加到純木塑復(fù)合材料中,在原料表面未經(jīng)處理情況下,橡膠添加量為10%時(shí),復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)出較好的壓縮回彈性,而沖擊強(qiáng)度隨橡膠用量在0-15%范圍內(nèi)的增加而增加,同時(shí),橡膠用量為10%組,復(fù)合材料的阻尼性能最優(yōu),阻尼比較未添加橡膠組增大了67%(時(shí)域法)。3、采用馬來(lái)酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)與硅烷(Si69)偶聯(lián)劑改善復(fù)合材料的界面結(jié)合特性。MAPE添加量(占木粉)為3%、5%和8%,Si69添加量(占橡膠粉)為0.5%、1%、3%、5%。紅外分析表明,經(jīng)不同含量硅烷偶聯(lián)劑處理后的廢舊橡膠粉,其表面的羥基基團(tuán)數(shù)量增多,極性增強(qiáng)。兩種偶聯(lián)劑對(duì)復(fù)合體系的流變特性的影響呈兩極化趨勢(shì),5%MAPE用量下材料的剪切應(yīng)力和表觀黏度值最小,加工性能最優(yōu),硅烷偶聯(lián)劑的用量則在3%時(shí)為最佳。兩種偶聯(lián)劑的配合使用可以達(dá)到較好的協(xié)同作用,提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能。MAPE用量越高,材料力學(xué)性能越好。Si69用量的選取宜與MAPE間形成良好配合,較低MAPE用量下,復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能隨Si69添加量的增大而增大,而當(dāng)MAPE用量較高時(shí),綜合考慮材料的力學(xué)性能與膠粉表面處理的方便性,Si69的用量以0.5%為宜。4、氙燈老化試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,在0-480h的老化時(shí)間內(nèi),復(fù)合材料的抗彎強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)先降后增最后再降的過(guò)程,橡膠改變了復(fù)合材料的老化過(guò)程,但不加速老化。偶聯(lián)劑MAPE、Si69均能提高復(fù)合材料耐老化性,主要體現(xiàn)在老化后期材料強(qiáng)度的保持上。5、采用熱重分析法(TGA)研究各組分材料及WPC和WRPC的熱解動(dòng)力學(xué)特性發(fā)現(xiàn),WRPC的熱解出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)顯著的失重區(qū)(230℃~380℃和430℃~580℃),分別對(duì)應(yīng)木粉/廢舊橡膠和HDPE的熱降解。采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa模型計(jì)算出木粉、廢舊橡膠粉和HDPE熱解過(guò)程平均活化能值分別為179.2KJ/mol、243.8KJ/mol和246.8KJ/mol,WPC為239.3KJ/mol,而WRPC活化能值比WPC低(200.3 KJ/mol~208.4 KJ/mol)。活化能的變化表明木、橡、塑三種原料在復(fù)合材料的熱解過(guò)程中具有協(xié)同效應(yīng),廢舊橡膠的摻入對(duì)復(fù)合材料的熱降解特性發(fā)揮了顯著的調(diào)控作用。6、采用錐形量熱儀測(cè)定復(fù)合材料燃燒過(guò)程中的點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間(TTI)、熱釋放速率(HRR)、總熱釋放量(THR)、質(zhì)量損失速率(MLR)、發(fā)煙總量(TSP)以及CO、CO2的釋放速率等燃燒降解性能指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:與木塑復(fù)合材料相比,WRPC材料的點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間縮短,CO2釋放量有所減少,而熱釋放速率、總熱釋放量及發(fā)煙總量均有所提高。因此,廢舊的木橡塑復(fù)合材料可作為優(yōu)良的燃料予以回收利用,廢舊橡膠則能發(fā)揮助燃作用。
[Abstract]:The use of waste rubber powder (HDPE), plastic and wood powder three yuan composite wood plastic (WRPC) is a new exploration of wood complex, in this system, the wood material as reinforcing phase, play a "skeleton", plays the enhancement effect of elastic rubber, plastic matrix composites when filling the "adhesive" component, three-phase materials together. The preparation of three element composite material forming method for extrusion system on the ratio of raw materials three Yuan wood rubber composite, interfacial modification was evaluated and the effect of rubber toughening and other issues, to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of the three element composite wood plastic. Results 1, show that the effect of three kinds of raw materials between the proportion of material mechanical properties remarkably. The addition of rubber to improve the impact strength of the material, but weaken the tensile strength and the flexural strength of the composites. The wood powder and waste rubber powder on the mechanical properties Has the obvious complementary. The three element composite system, the content of wood powder is over 30%, and the plastic / rubber is not less than 4/6 in order to obtain a certain strength, at the same time ensure molding.2, found that the research of rubber toughening effect, adding rubber powder to pure wood plastic composite materials, raw materials in the surface the case, rubber dosage is 10%, the composite exhibits better compression resilience, while the impact strength with the rubber content in the range of 0-15% increases, at the same time, the amount of rubber into 10% groups, the optimal damping properties of composite materials, the damping is not added Rubber Group increased 67% (time domain method.3), using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) and silane coupling agent (Si69) to improve the interfacial binding characteristics of the amount of.MAPE (for wood powder) was 3%, 5% and 8%, adding Si69 (for rubber powder) was 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%. infrared analysis showed that the Waste rubber powder with the content of silane coupling agent treatment, the surface hydroxyl group number and polarity enhancement. Influence of rheological properties of two kinds of coupling agents on the composite system of the trend was polarized, the amount of 5%MAPE material under shear stress and apparent viscosity of the minimum processing of optimal, silane coupling agent the amount in 3% was the best. Two kinds of coupling agents can achieve good synergistic effect, improve the mechanical properties of composite materials.MAPE was higher, the better mechanical properties of the material selection should form a good amount of.Si69 with MAPE, the lower the amount of MAPE, the mechanical properties of composite materials and the increase of the amount of with the increase of Si69, but when the content of MAPE is high, considering the mechanical properties of materials and powder surface treatment convenience, the dosage of Si69 was suitable for 0.5%.4 xenon test results showed that in the 0-480h age In between, the bending strength of the composites showed increased after the first drop finally lower, rubber changed the aging process of composite materials, but not accelerated aging. Coupling agent MAPE, Si69 can improve the aging resistance of composite materials, mainly reflected in the strength of materials keep on aging late.5 by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) found that the pyrolysis kinetics characteristics research materials and components WPC and WRPC, WRPC showed two significant weight loss of the pyrolysis zone (230 DEG ~380 DEG and 430 DEG ~580 DEG), corresponding to thermal degradation of wood powder / rubber and HDPE. Using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model to calculate the energy value of wood powder, respectively. The average 179.2KJ/mol activated waste rubber powder and HDPE pyrolysis process, 243.8KJ/mol and 246.8KJ/mol, WPC 239.3KJ/mol, and the WRPC value of the activation energy is lower than that of WPC (200.3 KJ/mol~208.4 KJ/mol). The activation energy of the wooden table changes, rubber, plastic raw materials in three kinds of composite heat The synergistic effect of the solution process, the incorporation of waste rubber thermal degradation characteristics of composite materials play a significant regulatory role of.6, the determination of ignition time in combustion process of composite materials by cone calorimeter (TTI), heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mass loss rate (MLR), smoke volume (TSP) and CO, the release rate of CO2 combustion performance degradation. The results showed that: compared with wood plastic composite material WRPC, ignition time is shortened, the release amount of CO2 decreased, and the heat release rate, total heat release and the total smoke were improved. Therefore, wood waste rubber plastic composite material can be used as excellent fuel to recycling, waste rubber can play the combustion effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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