發(fā)布時間：2018-03-28 12:27

  本文選題：納米碳球　切入點(diǎn)：介孔　出處：《河北科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：因水體污染和溫室效應(yīng)問題的存在,迫切需要開發(fā)新的吸附材料于以應(yīng)對。球形納米碳材料具有較大的比表面積和孔體積、均一的孔道結(jié)構(gòu)、可控的形貌及可調(diào)的表面化學(xué)性質(zhì)等特點(diǎn),可應(yīng)用于催化、超級電容器、吸附分離及能量儲存等諸多現(xiàn)代科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。本論文從球形納米碳材料的制備方法入手,制備出不同性質(zhì)球形納米碳材料,并研究其在吸附方面的應(yīng)用性能。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1)以苯酚和甲醛為碳源,嵌段共聚物F127為模板劑,制備直徑約為110 nm的介孔納米高分子球,再通過改性摻鐵和碳化過程,制備出不同摻鐵量的磁性介孔納米碳球。通過水溶液中六價(jià)鉻離子吸附性能測試證明,所制備的磁性介孔納米碳球結(jié)合了Fe_3O_4納米顆粒和介孔碳納米球的特點(diǎn),顯示出較高的協(xié)同吸附六價(jià)鉻離子的性能。并且隨著摻鐵量的增加,吸附量隨之增加。同時,在外磁場作用下,磁性介孔納米碳球可以很好的實(shí)現(xiàn)磁性分離。實(shí)驗(yàn)中結(jié)合吸附動力學(xué)和吸附等溫線研究,全面分析了其作為工業(yè)吸附劑的可能性。2)提出“自催化”方法制備空心納米碳球的新思路。本實(shí)驗(yàn)選用間苯二酚和甲醛為碳源,改性的納米二氧化硅球?yàn)槟０搴痛呋瘎?在不加氨水和陽離子催化劑十六烷基苯甲基溴化銨的條件下,自催化制備出空心納米碳球。嫁接在納米二氧化硅球表面的氨基,不僅提供了輕微的堿性環(huán)境,催化間苯二酚-甲醛樹脂的聚合,并且提供正電荷包覆在納米二氧化硅球表面,吸附表面帶負(fù)核電荷的酚醛樹脂沉積包覆在納米二氧化硅球表面,形成納米二氧化硅球@酚醛樹脂的核殼結(jié)構(gòu)。最后經(jīng)碳化、去除二氧化硅,得到的納米空心碳球完全復(fù)制了二氧化硅球的形貌,粒徑均一,比表面積為777 m2 g-1。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)KOH活化后得到的納米空心碳球具有良好的CO_2吸附性能。另外,自催化的方法也成功擴(kuò)展到用其他碳源(如:間氨基苯酚)制備出粒徑均一的空心納米碳球。3)采用改進(jìn)的St?ber制備的二氧化硅球?yàn)橛材０?HMF作為碳前驅(qū)體,在水熱條件下直接快速的制備空心納米碳球。該材料具有大的空心結(jié)構(gòu)、薄殼滲透性和高的比表面積,表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的吸附CO_2的性能。重復(fù)的CO_2吸附-解吸實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示了空心納米碳球具有良好的重復(fù)利用性,這為進(jìn)一步利用生物質(zhì)衍生物制備空心納米碳球提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Because of water pollution and Greenhouse Effect problem, it is urgent to develop new adsorption materials to deal with the problem. Spherical nano-carbon materials have larger specific surface area, larger pore volume and uniform pore structure. Controllable morphology and adjustable surface chemical properties can be used in many modern scientific fields, such as catalysis, supercapacitor, adsorption separation and energy storage. Spherical nano-carbon materials with different properties were prepared and their application properties in adsorption were studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Phenol and formaldehyde were used as carbon source and block copolymer F127 was used as template. Mesoporous nanopolymer spheres with a diameter of about 110 nm were prepared, and magnetic mesoporous carbon spheres with different iron content were prepared by modified iron doping and carbonation process. The adsorption properties of hexavalent chromium ions in aqueous solution were tested. The magnetic mesoporous carbon nanospheres combine the characteristics of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles and mesoporous carbon nanospheres, and show high synergistic adsorption of hexavalent chromium ions. Magnetic separation can be achieved by magnetic mesoporous carbon nanocrystals under external magnetic field. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm were studied in the experiment. The possibility of using it as an industrial adsorbent. 2) A new idea of "autocatalytic" method for the preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres was put forward. Resorcinol and formaldehyde were used as carbon sources, and modified nano-silica spheres were used as templates and catalysts. Hollow nano-carbon spheres were prepared by autolysis without ammonia and cationic catalyst decaalkylbenzene methyl ammonium bromide. The amino groups grafted on the surface of nano-silica spheres not only provided a slight alkaline environment, It catalyzes the polymerization of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, and provides positive charge coating on the surface of nano-silica sphere. The adsorbed surface of phenolic resin with negative nuclear charge is deposited on the surface of nano-silica sphere. The core-shell structure of nano-silica spheres @ phenolic resin was formed. Finally, after carbonization and removal of silica, the morphology of silica spheres was completely reproduced, the particle size was uniform, and the specific surface area was 777 m2 g-1.The experimental results showed that, In addition, the autocatalytic method has been successfully extended to other carbon sources (such as m-aminophenol) to prepare homogenous hollow carbon nanospheres. 3. The silica sphere prepared by ber is a hard template and a carbon precursor. The hollow carbon nanospheres are prepared directly and quickly under hydrothermal conditions. The material has large hollow structure, thin shell permeability and high specific surface area. Repeated CO_2 adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that hollow carbon nanospheres have good reusability, which provides a new idea for the further preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres from biomass derivatives.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ424;TB383.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 吳為亞;程江來;商永嘉;;多孔碳球制備及應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展[J];化工新型材料;2014年12期

2 吳永娟;羅鳴;閆俊英;趙恒新;魏雨;吳東;;磁性介孔γ-Fe_2O_3制備及其處理含Cr(Ⅵ)廢水的應(yīng)用[J];工業(yè)水處理;2014年01期

3 王煥磊;高秋明;;多孔碳材料的模板法制備、活化處理及儲能應(yīng)用[J];高等學(xué)�；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陳鍇;新型碳納米材料的制備及其在催化中的應(yīng)用[D];中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 趙曉業(yè);納米碳球、碳-Fe_3O_4的合成及吸附性能研究[D];河南師范大學(xué);2015年

2 王博;磁性多孔碳球的制備與應(yīng)用研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2014年

3 陶志銀;基于葡萄糖的幾種功能微/納米材料的制備、表征及性質(zhì)研究[D];安徽大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1676324