本文選題：雙親性　切入點：油水分離　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在實際生產(chǎn)中,油中含不同程度的雜質(zhì),這些油不僅應(yīng)用受到限制,還會導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題。油中過高的水含量,使得油分層而無法繼續(xù)使用,造成資源浪費(fèi)。油水分離膜應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,成為一項新的研究領(lǐng)域。油水分離的主要目的是分離油中不相溶的水、甘油、酯類等,進(jìn)行油的初級提純。然而,油中極少量雜質(zhì)的存在會降低油品質(zhì)。例如,燃料油中一些芳烴和極性有機(jī)雜質(zhì)的存在,會影響發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒性能;燃燒不充分,還會對環(huán)境造成不利影響。目前,以金屬網(wǎng)為基底,表面沉積無機(jī)氧化物的濾膜已有報道。針對不同基底表面的沉積情況,對分離性能的影響以及基底孔徑的選擇沒有提供明確的尺寸范圍。眾所周知,吸附是實現(xiàn)水凈化作用有效的方法,吸附劑被廣泛的應(yīng)用在商業(yè)和日常生活中。然而,當(dāng)前的吸附劑幾乎不能應(yīng)用于油中極性有機(jī)雜質(zhì)的移除。根據(jù)以上分析,本論文由以下兩部分組成:1.本論文通過NH_3·H_2O與Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O低溫水熱法調(diào)控不同條件制備納米棒狀ZnO。實驗結(jié)果表明,反應(yīng)時間對ZnO濾膜制備有較大的影響。由SEM、EDX等表征,Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O濃度為0.25 M,NH_3·H_2O體積為7 m L,反應(yīng)溫度95℃,反應(yīng)時間5.5 h作為金屬網(wǎng)表面沉積的最優(yōu)條件。對不同基底制備的濾膜進(jìn)行油水分離性能比較,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),不銹鋼網(wǎng)表面沉積的ZnO易脫落,分離效率低于表面沉積均勻的銅網(wǎng)。銅網(wǎng)作為沉積基底,孔尺寸的選擇應(yīng)小于500μm,否則濾膜易穿透,失去選擇性。本征親水的ZnO,通過Wenzel模型放大粗糙結(jié)構(gòu),制備的ZnO濾膜在空氣中水的接觸角接近0°,并且水中超疏油�；谄涑H水性,ZnO可以將水中少量浮油成功分離。2.納米ZnO具有親水-親油的性質(zhì)�？諝庵�,油在ZnO濾膜表面的接觸角接近0°。基于其超親油性,ZnO能夠進(jìn)行油品粗純化,將油中少量或微量水成功分離。因ZnO具有高的表面能和強(qiáng)極性,傾向于將低表面能的物質(zhì)吸附在表面,以降低自身表面能。以分別溶解了極性染料Nile Red(NR)和Oil Red O(ORO)的十六烷溶液作為吸附對象,極性染料能夠在ZnO表面吸附。當(dāng)染料濃度為20ppm時,ZnO對十六烷中NR的吸附效率達(dá)到23%。由于ZnO與ORO之間可能存在氫鍵,ZnO對十六烷中ORO的吸附效率近70%。納米ZnO對油中濃度低至1 ppm的染料都有很好的吸附,因此,高表面能的ZnO對油提純具有一定的實用價值。
[Abstract]:In the actual production, the oil contains different degrees of impurity. These oils are not only limited in application, but also lead to environmental problems. Oil and water separation membrane emerged as a new research field. The main purpose of oil water separation is to separate insoluble water, glycerol, esters, etc. For example, the presence of some aromatic hydrocarbons and polar organic impurities in the fuel oil can affect the engine's combustion performance; the combustion is inadequate and also has a negative impact on the environment. Inorganic oxide film deposited on the surface of metal mesh has been reported. The influence on the separation performance and the choice of the substrate pore size are not provided for the different substrate surface deposition conditions. Adsorption is an effective method for water purification. Adsorbents are widely used in commercial and daily life. However, the current adsorbents can hardly be used to remove polar organic impurities in oil. This thesis consists of the following two parts: 1. In this thesis, nanorods were prepared by NH_3 H _ 2O and Zn(NO_3)_2 6H_2O under different conditions. The effect of reaction time on the preparation of ZnO filter membrane was studied by SEM edX. The concentration of 6H_2O was 0. 25 MN NH 3H 2O and the reaction temperature was 95 鈩，

本文編號：1672147