本文選題：銅納米線　切入點：聚甲醛　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文研究優(yōu)化了液相還原法制備銅納米線的方法,并開發(fā)出宏量制備的工藝,主要工作包括堿液、銅源的濃度變化而引起銅納米線在形貌上的尺寸變化,從能源環(huán)�？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展、減小制備成本的角度出發(fā),將工作重點放在堿液的循環(huán)利用、銅源由文獻慣用的的硝酸銅優(yōu)化為無雜質(zhì)污染堿液的氫氧化銅,開發(fā)出不同規(guī)格銅納米線制備的工藝,為銅納米線的廣泛應(yīng)用的提供了制備基礎(chǔ);然后將銅納米線作為改性體與聚甲醛共混制備復(fù)合材料,評價了添加改性體后對POM的性能影響。本論文主要工作內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下幾個方面:(1)以硝酸銅為原料的銅納米線制備在Na OH堿液里,以硝酸銅與乙二胺的絡(luò)合體為前軀體、水合肼為還原劑,利用液相還原法制備了的銅納米線,并且對樣品進行了掃描電鏡、透射電鏡、X射線衍射儀形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)的表征。通過改變堿液濃度、銅源濃度等條件制得了不同規(guī)格的銅納米線,而且實現(xiàn)了系列反應(yīng)釜的規(guī)模制備;另外通過大量的重復(fù)實驗、改變實驗細節(jié)可以將堿液做到5次的循環(huán)利用,大大降低了制備成本,同時也減小了污染、能耗。(2)以氫氧化銅為原料的銅納米線制備與硝酸銅相比,還原氫氧化銅后不產(chǎn)生雜質(zhì)污染物,故以Cu(OH)2為原料制備了一種直徑約200nm,長度大于40μm的銅納米線,并且實現(xiàn)了50L以下的反應(yīng)制備,該工藝還可以做到堿液的連續(xù)循環(huán)使用,這樣大大提高了制備效率和降低成本。另外一種規(guī)格的銅納米線為直徑為100-300nm,長度大于30μm,該工藝也可以實現(xiàn)堿液的連續(xù)循環(huán)使用。(3)銅鎳合金納米線的制備在堿性體系下,改變銅鎳比,得到復(fù)合納米線,當(dāng)銅鎳比為20:1時,可以制得粒徑均一、直徑小于100nm、長度大于50μm的合金納米線,并且可以放大至3L反應(yīng)體系進行制備。(4)銅納米線/聚甲醛復(fù)合材料的制備及性能測試采用熔融共混法制備了銅納米線/聚甲醛的復(fù)合材料,并通過XRD衍射、拉伸與沖擊、熱分析儀、UMT-2微摩擦磨損試驗機以及掃描電鏡等手段對基體和復(fù)合材料進行了測試,分析了材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、力學(xué)性能、熱穩(wěn)定性、摩擦學(xué)性能、斷面和磨痕形貌等。結(jié)果表明銅納米線在復(fù)合材料里有較好的分散性,添加后大大提高了POM的熱穩(wěn)定性和摩擦學(xué)性能,力學(xué)性能有輕微的改善。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the preparation method of copper nanowires by liquid reduction method was optimized, and the macroscopical preparation process was developed. The main work included the changes of the concentration of alkali solution and copper source, which resulted in the change of the size of copper nanowires in morphology. In view of the sustainable development of energy and environmental protection and the reduction of preparation cost, the emphasis of the work is on the recycling of lye. The copper source is optimized from copper nitrate, which is commonly used in literature, to copper hydroxide without impurity pollution. The preparation process of copper nanowires with different specifications has been developed, which provides a basis for the wide application of copper nanowires, and then copper nanowires are used as modifiers to prepare composite materials by blending with polyformaldehyde. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) Copper nanowires were prepared from copper nitrate as raw material in NaOH alkali solution, and the complex of copper nitrate and ethylenediamine was used as precursor, and the main results were as follows: (1) Copper nanowires with copper nitrate as raw material were prepared in NaOH alkali solution, and the complex of copper nitrate with ethylenediamine was used as precursor. Copper nanowires were prepared by liquid phase reduction with hydrazine hydrate as reductant. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. Copper nanowires of different specifications have been prepared under the conditions of copper source concentration, and the scale preparation of series of reactors has been realized. In addition, through a large number of repeated experiments, the lye can be recycled for 5 times by changing the experimental details. Compared with copper nitrate, copper nanowires prepared from copper hydroxide can not produce impurity pollutants after reduction of copper hydroxide. Therefore, a kind of copper nanowires with diameter of about 200nm and length of more than 40 渭 m were prepared from Cu(OH)2, and the reaction below 50L was realized. This greatly improves the preparation efficiency and reduces the cost. Another type of copper nanowires is 100-300 nm in diameter and more than 30 渭 m in length. The process can also realize the continuous recycling of lye. 3) the preparation of copper and nickel alloy nanowires in alkaline system. When the Cu / Ni ratio is 20:1, the alloy nanowires with diameter less than 100 nm and length greater than 50 渭 m can be obtained. The copper nanowires / POM composites were prepared by melt blending method. The composites were prepared by XRD diffraction, tensile and impact. The microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability, tribological properties and tribological properties of the matrix and composite materials were analyzed by means of thermal analyzer UMT-2 micro-friction and wear tester and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal stability and tribological properties of the composites were analyzed. The results show that copper nanowires have good dispersion in the composites, and the thermal stability and tribological properties of POM are greatly improved by adding copper nanowires, and the mechanical properties are slightly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;TQ326.51

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