本文選題：液相合成　切入點(diǎn)：鉬酸鹽　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界環(huán)境問題日益突出,含重金屬離子和有機(jī)污染物的廢水大量排放,不僅給生態(tài)環(huán)境同時(shí)也給人類健康帶來嚴(yán)重危害。因此,如何有效去除這些污染物成為眾多科技工作者致力解決的難點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)。納米材料以其獨(dú)特、優(yōu)良的性質(zhì)在水處理領(lǐng)域顯示了無可比擬的優(yōu)越性,可實(shí)現(xiàn)對水體中污染物的快速吸附或降解。本文采用簡單的液相合成法成功地制備出了一系列性質(zhì)優(yōu)良的鎢鉬酸鹽微/納米材料,不僅研究了相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件對樣品結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌的影響,還根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象提出可能的形成機(jī)理,最后進(jìn)一步研究了合成材料在水處理方面的應(yīng)用。主要內(nèi)容如下：1.采用改進(jìn)的緩釋共沉淀法成功合成了紅細(xì)胞狀鉬酸鈣(CaMoO4),用X射線衍射儀(XRD)、傅立葉紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、拉曼光譜儀(Raman)以及掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對其結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進(jìn)行了表征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MoO42-緩慢釋放利于形成形貌均勻的紅細(xì)胞狀CaMo04,而直接結(jié)合易形成尺寸分布較寬的桃核狀CaMoO4;酸性條件抑制Mo7O246-的水解,形成紅細(xì)胞狀結(jié)構(gòu)；堿性條件促進(jìn)Mo7O246-的水解,作用方式與直接結(jié)合類似。此外,紅細(xì)胞狀CaMoO4在536nm呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)強(qiáng)而寬的熒光發(fā)射峰。最后,紅細(xì)胞狀CaMoO4對亞甲基藍(lán)顯示了較高的去除效率和良好的穩(wěn)定性,展現(xiàn)了在水處理方面潛在的應(yīng)用前景。2.使用陰離子表面活性劑十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)-尿素(Urea)輔助水熱法成功合成了3D花狀鎢酸鋅(ZnWO4),采用X射線衍射儀(XRD)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對其結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進(jìn)行了表征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：SDS-Urea的協(xié)同作用促使ZnWO4由零維、一維向三維結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變,在誘導(dǎo)3D花狀ZnWO4形成中起到重要作用。以3D花狀ZnWO4作為吸附劑,銅離子溶液為模擬廢水,測定其在水體中的吸附行為,結(jié)果顯示3D花狀ZnWO4對Cu2+吸附性能優(yōu)于商品活性炭,最大吸附容量達(dá)293.1 mg·g-1。良好吸附性能歸因于3D花狀ZnWO4較大的比表面積、豐富的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和表面負(fù)電性的協(xié)同作用。銅離子在3D花狀ZnWO4上的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)模型與擬二級動(dòng)力學(xué)方程相符,吸附等溫線符合Freundlich吸附模型。3.采用水熱法在相對較低溫度成功合成了板栗狀介孔鎢酸鎳(NiWO4),用X射線衍射儀(XRD)、傅立葉紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對其結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進(jìn)行了表征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NiWO4的形貌在很大程度上與水熱反應(yīng)溫度有關(guān),可用奧斯特瓦爾德熟化機(jī)理解釋其形成過程。相比于商品活性炭,NiWO4納米微球由于其獨(dú)特的介孔結(jié)構(gòu)和較大的比表面積,表現(xiàn)出對陽離子染料更高的吸附性能。更重要的是,介孔NiWO4在使用三次以后依然保持了較高的穩(wěn)定性,有望成為一種優(yōu)良的吸附劑。MB在介孔NiWO4上的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)模型與擬二級動(dòng)力學(xué)方程相符,吸附等溫線符合Freundlich吸附模型。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the environmental problems in the world are becoming more and more prominent. The waste water containing heavy metal ions and organic pollutants is discharged in large quantities, which not only brings serious harm to the ecological environment but also to human health. How to effectively remove these pollutants has become a difficult point for many scientific and technological workers to solve. Nanomaterials have shown unparalleled advantages in the field of water treatment with their unique and excellent properties. In this paper, a series of tungsten molybdate micro / nano materials with excellent properties have been successfully prepared by simple liquid phase synthesis method. According to the experimental phenomena, the possible formation mechanism is also proposed. Finally, the application of synthetic materials in water treatment is further studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. The red blood cell calcium molybdate calcium molybdate (CaMoO _ 4) has been successfully synthesized by an improved slow-release co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffractometer (XRDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and FT-IRN have been used to synthesize red blood cell calcium molybdate (CaMoO _ 4). Its structure and morphology were characterized by Raman Spectrometer (Raman) and scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that slow release of MoO42- was beneficial to the formation of uniform RBC CaMo04, while it was easy to form peach kernelike with wide size distribution. The acidic condition inhibited the hydrolysis of Mo7O246-. In addition, erythrocyte like structure was formed, alkaline condition promoted the hydrolysis of Mo7O246- in the same way as direct binding. In addition, erythrocyte like CaMoO4 showed a strong and wide fluorescence emission peak in 536nm. Erythrocyte CaMoO4 showed high removal efficiency and good stability to methylene blue. The potential application prospect in water treatment is shown. 2. 3D zinc tungstate znwo _ 4 has been successfully synthesized by using anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS- Urea) assisted hydrothermal method. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been applied to the synthesis of ZnWO _ 4H _ 4H _ 2O _ 4H _ 2O _ 4. The structure and morphology of ZnWO4 were characterized by SEM. It was found that the synergistic action of the ZnWO4 at 1: SDS-Urea promoted the change of ZnWO4 from zero dimension to zero dimension. The transition from one dimension to three dimensional structure plays an important role in inducing the formation of 3D flower-like ZnWO4. The adsorption behavior of 3D flower-like ZnWO4 in water was measured with copper ion solution as the simulated wastewater. The results showed that the adsorption of Cu2 by 3D flower-shaped ZnWO4 was superior to that of commercial activated carbon, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 293.1 mg g ~ (-1). The good adsorption capacity was attributed to the large specific surface area of 3D flower-shaped ZnWO4. The adsorption kinetics model of copper ions on 3D flower-like ZnWO4 agrees with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm accords with the Freundlich adsorption model .3.The structure and shape of the mesoporous nickel tungstate (Niwo _ 4) have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at relatively low temperature. Its structure and shape were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the morphology of NiWO4 was related to the hydrothermal reaction temperature to a great extent. The formation process can be explained by the maturation mechanism of Osterwald. Compared with commercial activated carbon, NiWO4 nanospheres exhibit higher adsorption properties to cationic dyes due to their unique mesoporous structure and larger specific surface area. After using mesoporous NiWO4 for three times, the adsorption kinetics model of mesoporous NiWO4 on mesoporous NiWO4 is expected to be a good adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm accords with the Freundlich adsorption model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;O611.4

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