本文選題：超級電容器　切入點：碳納米管　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超級電容器作為一種新型的儲能器件,由于具有功率密度高、充放電速度快、循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好和環(huán)境友好等特點,在現(xiàn)代電源系統(tǒng)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用并受到越來越多國內(nèi)外科學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注。其中電極材料的性質(zhì)和形貌結(jié)構(gòu)是影響超級電容器性能的關(guān)鍵因素,如何提高電極材料的電容值和制備具有優(yōu)良電容性能的電極材料是人們研究的重點。本文試求通過將碳納米管與活性納米鐵顆粒復(fù)合來提高材料的性能;通過水熱-熱分解法制備出具有優(yōu)良超級電容性能的Co3O4電極材料。(1)本文以有機金屬化合物二茂鐵為原料,采用簡易的化學(xué)氣相沉積法,一步合成了Fe/CNTs納米復(fù)合材料。納米單質(zhì)鐵沉積在碳納米管內(nèi)壁上形成復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu),碳納米管為單質(zhì)鐵提供限域環(huán)境,可以有效防止鐵顆粒的團聚,增加電解質(zhì)離子與活性物質(zhì)的反應(yīng)活性位點。電化學(xué)測試結(jié)果表明Fe/CNTs復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)為明顯的贗電容特性,具有優(yōu)于CNTs的電容性能,在0.3 A·g-1電流密度時Fe/CNTs復(fù)合材料的比電容值為157 F·g-1,CNTs的比電容值為84 F·g-1,經(jīng)1000次循環(huán)充放電后Fe/CNTs復(fù)合材料的電容值保持為初始容量的78%。另外,鑒于零價鐵在水處理領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用,進一步對Fe/CNTs的還原吸附性能進行了研究,結(jié)果表明:在一定條件下Fe/CNTs對偶氮染料與Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率達90%以上。(2)采用水熱-熱分解法,通過改變反應(yīng)條件制備了花狀結(jié)構(gòu)的Co3O4和六面體結(jié)構(gòu)的Co3O4。利用XRD和SEM對材料進行形貌結(jié)構(gòu)表征,結(jié)果表明:兩者均為立方晶系、尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)的Co3O4;兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的Co3O4均由納米片層組裝而成,但花狀Co3O4的納米片層厚度小于六面體Co3O4,有利于縮短電解質(zhì)離子的傳輸距離。電化學(xué)測試結(jié)果表明花狀Co3O4具有優(yōu)于六面體Co3O4的比電容值,在電流密度為0.5 A·g-1時,花狀Co3O4和六面體Co3O4的比電容值分別為244 F·g-1和175 F·g-1;六面體Co3O4具有較好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性,經(jīng)1000次循環(huán)充放電后電容保持率為86%。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitors are characterized by high power density, high charge and discharge speed, good cycle stability and environmental friendliness. It has been widely used in modern power systems and attracted more and more attention from scientists at home and abroad. Among them, the properties and morphology of electrode materials are the key factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors. How to improve the capacitance of electrode material and how to prepare electrode material with excellent capacitance is the focus of research. In this paper, we try to improve the properties of electrode materials by combining carbon nanotubes with active nano-iron particles. Co3O4 electrode material with excellent super capacitance was prepared by hydrothermal thermal decomposition method. In this paper, the organometallic compound ferrocene was used as raw material, and a simple chemical vapor deposition method was used. Fe/CNTs nanocomposites were synthesized in one step. Nanosized iron deposits on the inner wall of carbon nanotubes to form composite nanostructures. Carbon nanotubes provide a limited environment for simple iron, which can effectively prevent the agglomeration of iron particles. The electrochemical test results show that Fe/CNTs composites exhibit obvious pseudo-capacitance properties, which are superior to those of CNTs. When the current density is 0.3 A 路g ~ (-1), the specific capacitance of Fe/CNTs composites is 157F 路g-1. The specific capacitance of Fe/CNTs composites is 84 F 路g ~ (-1) after 1000 cycles. In addition, the capacitance of Fe/CNTs composites is 78% of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles. In addition, in view of the wide application of zero-valent iron in the field of water treatment, The reduction and adsorption properties of Fe/CNTs were further studied. The results showed that the removal rate of azo dyes and Cr (鈪，

本文編號：1642043