本文選題：分子復(fù)合材料　切入點(diǎn)：剛性棒狀聚電解質(zhì)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：分子復(fù)合材料是以剛性棒狀大分子作為增強(qiáng)體、柔性聚合物為基體的高分子復(fù)合材料。分子復(fù)合材料的概念自1979年出現(xiàn)后便受到廣泛關(guān)注。由于具有較大的長徑比、高強(qiáng)度、高模量及高耐熱性等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),剛性棒狀大分子是復(fù)合材料理想的增強(qiáng)體。然而,由于剛性大分子與柔性基體的熱力學(xué)不相容性,需通過分子設(shè)計(jì)引入化學(xué)或物理相互作用使相容性提高。本文合成了磺化芳香族聚酰胺及聚席夫堿,并將其作為剛性棒狀大分子引入聚乙烯醇(PVA)及海藻酸鈉(SA)基體中,研究復(fù)合物的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能。(1)通過界面縮聚法合成磺化聚對苯二甲酰對苯二胺(sPPTA)及磺化聚對苯二甲酰聯(lián)苯二胺(PBDT),用溶液澆膜法制備了PVA/sPPTA、PVA/PBDT及SA/PBDT復(fù)合材料,研究了sPPTA及PBDT在柔性基體中的分散狀態(tài)及其對復(fù)合材料的耐熱性及力學(xué)性能的影響。透射電鏡及X射線衍射等結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)含量較低時,sPPTA在PVA基體中分散良好,且使復(fù)合材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度明顯提高。當(dāng)sPPTA添加量為5 wt%時,sPPTA/PVA復(fù)合材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度可達(dá)1694±13MPa,比純PVA強(qiáng)度增加約54%。隨著sPPTA含量繼續(xù)增加,可以觀察到其在PVA基體中以微纖形式存在于基體中,并且對PVA的增強(qiáng)效果超過了多壁碳納米管(MWNTs),氣相生長碳纖維(VGCFs)及納米金剛石,且制備方法簡便。而PVA/PBDT復(fù)合材料中則出現(xiàn)PBDT的分子聚集現(xiàn)象,且增強(qiáng)效果不如sPPTA明顯。另一方面,sPPTA無法溶解于SA溶液中,而PBDT則可與SA形成復(fù)合膜。掃描電鏡結(jié)果表明PVA/PBDT體系出現(xiàn)相分離,但由于PBDT相與SA基體的結(jié)合力較強(qiáng),能夠有效傳遞應(yīng)力,所以增強(qiáng)效果依然顯著。當(dāng)PBDT含量為10 wt%時,其拉伸強(qiáng)度可達(dá)944±10 MPa,比純SA膜強(qiáng)度增加了約67%。(2)通過界面縮聚法合成了磺化芳香族聚席夫堿(PSB),用溶液澆膜法制備了PVA/PSB分子復(fù)合材料。研究了PSB在PVA中的分散狀態(tài)及PVA/PSB分子復(fù)合材料的耐熱性及力學(xué)性能。透射電鏡,X射線衍射及偏光顯徽鏡等結(jié)果表明PSB在PVA中分散良好,在低PSB含量下未發(fā)現(xiàn)聚集現(xiàn)象。PVA/PSB-13wt%的拉伸強(qiáng)度達(dá)1544±8 MPa,約比純PVA增加了40%,隨著PSB繼續(xù)增加,則出現(xiàn)PSB聚集體,力學(xué)性能下降。
[Abstract]:Molecular composite is a kind of polymer composite with rigid rod macromolecule as reinforcement and flexible polymer as matrix. The concept of molecular composite has attracted much attention since its appearance in 1979. A series of advantages, such as high modulus and high heat resistance, show that rigid rod-like macromolecules are ideal reinforcements for composite materials. However, due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between rigid macromolecules and flexible matrix, In this paper, sulfonated aromatic polyamides and polySchiff bases were synthesized and used as rigid rod-like macromolecules in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) matrix. The structure and properties of the composite were studied. (1) the sulfonated poly (terephthalyl p-phenylenediamine) and sulfonated poly (terephthalylbiphenylene diamine) PBDTT were synthesized by interfacial Polycondensation method. PVA / s PPTA / PVA / P / DT and SA/PBDT composites were prepared by solution casting method. The dispersion state of sPPTA and PBDT in the flexible matrix and their effects on the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the dispersion of sPPTA and PBDT in the PVA matrix was good when the content was low. When the content of sPPTA was 5 wt%, the tensile strength of the composite could reach 1694 鹵13MPa, which was about 54% higher than that of pure PVA. It can be observed that it exists in the matrix of PVA in the form of micro-fiber, and the reinforcement effect on PVA is better than that on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), gas grown carbon fibers (VGCs) and diamond nanocrystalline. On the other hand, the molecular aggregation of PBDT in PVA/PBDT composites was not as good as that of sPPTA. On the other hand, PBDT could not be dissolved in SA solution. PBDT can form composite membrane with SA. SEM results show that phase separation occurs in PVA/PBDT system, but because of the strong binding force between PBDT phase and SA matrix, the strengthening effect is still remarkable. When the content of PBDT is 10 wt%, the strengthening effect is still remarkable. The tensile strength of the composite was 944 鹵10 MPA, which increased the strength of pure SA film by 67.2%) the sulfonated aromatic poly (Schiff base) PSBs were synthesized by interfacial Polycondensation. The PVA/PSB molecular composites were prepared by solution casting method. The dispersion state of PSB in PVA was studied. Heat resistance and mechanical properties of PVA/PSB molecular composites. The results of transmission electron microscope X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscope show that PSB is well dispersed in PVA. The tensile strength of PVA / PSB-13wt% was 1544 鹵8MPa under low PSB content, which was about 40% higher than that of pure PVA. With the increase of PSB, the aggregation of PSB appeared and the mechanical properties decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33

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