本文選題：環(huán)保　切入點：超疏水　出處：《中北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球人口的迅速增長,人們開始對淡水資源的供應(yīng)需求是日益增加。淡水資源進一步受到水污染和管理不當?shù)南拗�。有機溶劑污染物是水資源污染的主要來源。因此凈化水資源的技術(shù)對于我們的生活已變得越來越重要。隨著科學技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展,在過去的幾年來油水分離技術(shù)在水資源凈化工程中引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。由于傳統(tǒng)油水分離技術(shù)的局限性已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展的要求。對于水資源凈化技術(shù)迫切需要高效率、綠色材料來滿足現(xiàn)代社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求。本文主要通過在材料表面構(gòu)造微納米結(jié)構(gòu)和化學改性的方法制備超疏水材料應(yīng)用于油水分離。實現(xiàn)在油水分離材料的制備中,成本較低,環(huán)保材料,耗時周期時間較長,提高表面強度等問題。主要工作如下:1、通過一步法將不銹鋼金屬網(wǎng)直接浸泡在含有硬脂酸和鹽酸的乙醇溶液中制備出具有超疏水-超親油的不銹鋼金屬網(wǎng)材料,該方法制備工藝簡單,使用成本較低,環(huán)保,這種技術(shù)在處理油污具有較好應(yīng)用前景。在控制最佳的參數(shù)條件下,獲得的樣品對水的接觸角達到160±1.0°,而對油的接觸角為0°。超疏水樣品表面是比較穩(wěn)定的通過機械超聲震蕩,暴露在空氣中和浸泡在3.5 wt%NaCl水溶液中發(fā)現(xiàn)接觸角沒有明顯的降低,仍然具有較好的超疏水性能。2、通過在不銹鋼金屬網(wǎng)表面電沉積一層銅薄膜和用聚二甲基硅氧烷化學改性降低樣品的表面能,電沉積工藝和綠色的化學改性過程提高超疏水表面機械耐久性。制備出具有超疏水-超親油金屬網(wǎng)分別浸泡不同PH值中和不同目數(shù)砂紙摩擦實驗,結(jié)果表明不銹鋼金屬網(wǎng)涂層仍然保持良好的超疏水性能。因此,這項研究對處理溢油事故提出的新策略,可能會在石化行業(yè)具有潛在的應(yīng)用價值。3、通過一步法工藝技術(shù)浸泡在含有硬脂酸銅和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合溶液中干燥后,制備出具有耐磨損超疏水-超親油纖維布材料。由于制備的纖維布具有超疏水-超親油的特性,溢油能夠迅速滲入而水被完全排斥,純凈溢油能迅速從油/水的混合物中分離出來。超疏水-超親油纖維布涂層具有良好抗磨損和強度,經(jīng)過用80目的碳化硅砂紙摩擦100次后仍然保持超疏水性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the global population, The demand for fresh water resources is increasing day by day. Fresh water resources are further restricted by water pollution and mismanagement. Organic solvent pollutants are the main source of water resources pollution. For our life has become more and more important. With the further development of science and technology, In the past few years, oil-water separation technology has attracted wide attention in water resources purification engineering. Because of the limitation of traditional oil-water separation technology, it can not meet the requirements of the development of modern industry. There is an urgent need for high efficiency. In this paper, superhydrophobic materials are prepared on the surface of materials by means of micro-nanostructures and chemical modification, which can be used in the preparation of oil-water separation materials. Low cost, environmentally friendly materials, longer cycle time, The main work is as follows: 1. Direct immersion of stainless steel wire mesh in ethanol solution containing stearic acid and hydrochloric acid through one step method to prepare stainless steel wire mesh material with super hydrophobic and super hydrophilic acid. This method has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and environmental protection. It has a good application prospect in oil pollution treatment. The contact angle of the obtained sample to water is 160 鹵1.0 擄, and the contact angle to oil is 0 擄. The surface of superhydrophobic sample is relatively stable through mechanical and ultrasonic oscillations. It is found that the contact angle does not decrease obviously when exposed to air and immersed in 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution. The surface energy of the sample was reduced by electrodeposition of a layer of copper film on the surface of stainless steel metal mesh and chemical modification of polydimethylsiloxane. The mechanical durability of superhydrophobic surface was improved by electrodeposition process and green chemical modification process. Friction experiments of sand paper with super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic metal mesh soaked in different PH values and different mesh numbers were carried out. The results show that the stainless steel metal mesh coating still has good superhydrophobicity. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy to deal with oil spill accidents. May have potential application value. 3 in petrochemical industry. Dry in a mixed solution containing copper stearate and polydimethylsiloxane PDMS by one step process. A wear-resistant super-hydrophobic super-oil-lipophilic fiber cloth material has been prepared. Because the prepared fabric has the characteristics of super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic properties, oil spills can infiltrate rapidly and water is completely repelled. The pure oil spills can be quickly separated from the oil / water mixture. The super-hydrophobic and super-oil-lipophilic fiber cloth coating has good wear resistance and strength, and remains super hydrophobic after 100 times friction with 80 purpose silicon carbide sandpaper.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB34

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