本文選題：水下超疏油　切入點：碳納米管　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水下超疏油表面在油水分離、抗生物粘附、防油抗污、水下降阻等領(lǐng)域具有巨大的潛在應(yīng)用,受到了研究者廣泛的關(guān)注。對自然界中的水下超疏油表面如魚的表皮、荷葉下表面、蛤蜊外殼等進(jìn)行浸潤性研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)親水的表面化學(xué)組成與微納復(fù)合的表面結(jié)構(gòu)是其中最為基本的兩個要素。一維納米材料的無規(guī)堆砌可以制備具有納米級別粗糙度的表面結(jié)構(gòu),只要賦予材料以親水性質(zhì),便可以實現(xiàn)水下超疏油表面的成功構(gòu)建。遵循以上思路,本文采用真空抽濾法與靜電紡絲法,分別制備了單寧酸修飾碳納米管涂層及天然高分子納米纖維膜,證明材料表面在水下超疏油且抗油滴粘附,在油水分離領(lǐng)域具有應(yīng)用價值。利用真空抽濾法將單寧酸修飾的多壁碳納米管沉積到聚丙烯微孔膜表面構(gòu)建涂層。涂層表現(xiàn)出空氣中親水(WCA=34.70),水下超疏油(OCA=164.8°,SA=2.70)的浸潤性質(zhì),對多種油類表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的排斥性及抗粘附性,并且能夠在酸、堿、鹽等不同環(huán)境下長期穩(wěn)定。有機(jī)溶劑的清洗與單寧酸溶液的再吸附能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)該涂層在“空氣中親水—水下超疏油”與“空氣中疏水—水下超親油”不同浸潤性質(zhì)間的轉(zhuǎn)換�；趩螌幩嵝揎椞技{米管涂層的水下超疏油性質(zhì),該材料能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對油水乳液的有效分離。同時,利用修飾物單寧酸的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),該涂層可以被應(yīng)用于蛋白質(zhì)負(fù)載、鐵元素螯合、銀離子還原以及羥基磷灰石的生長。利用靜電紡絲技術(shù)成功制備了殼聚糖/PEO納米纖維膜,并對溶劑性質(zhì)、共混物PEO分子量、殼聚糖/PEO共混比例、電壓和接收距離等因素進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。將不同脫膠程度的絲素蛋白樣品共混后進(jìn)行電紡,克服了絲素蛋白在水溶液環(huán)境下電紡試驗重復(fù)性不佳的問題,成功制備了紡絲過程穩(wěn)定,成絲形態(tài)良好的絲素蛋白納米纖維膜。實驗證明殼聚糖/PEO靜電紡絲膜水下超疏油且對油滴抗粘附,將其覆蓋于不銹鋼網(wǎng)表面,水環(huán)境下可實現(xiàn)對油水混合液的有效分離。
[Abstract]:The surface of ultra-thinning oil under water has great potential applications in the fields of oil and water separation, anti-biological adhesion, anti-oil and anti-fouling, and so on, and has been widely concerned by researchers. The wettability of the lower surface of lotus leaf and the shell of clam were studied. It is found that the surface chemical composition of hydrophilic material and the composite surface structure are the two most basic elements. The random stacking of one-dimensional nanomaterials can be used to prepare the surface structure with nanometer roughness, provided that the hydrophilic property of the material is given. Following the above ideas, Tannic acid modified carbon nanotube coating and natural polymer nanofiber membrane were prepared by vacuum filtration method and electrostatic spinning method, respectively. It is proved that the surface of the material is super oil-sparing under water and anti-oil droplet adhesion. It has application value in oil-water separation. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by tannic acid are deposited on the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane by vacuum filtration method. The coating shows the wettability of hydrophilic acid WCA 34.70 in air and OCA 164.8 擄SAA 2.70 in water. Showing strong resistance and resistance to various oils, and can be used in acid, alkali, The cleaning of organic solvent and the readsorption of tannic acid solution can realize the different wetting properties of the coating in "hydrophilic water in air" and "hydrophobic super oil in air" and "hydrophobic super hydrophobic oil in air". Based on the hydrophobic properties of tannic acid-modified carbon nanotube coatings, The coating can be used for protein loading, iron chelation, and the physical and chemical properties of the modified tannic acid. Silver ion reduction and hydroxyapatite growth. Chitosan / PEO nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared by electrostatic spinning technique. The properties of solvents, molecular weight of PEO blends and the ratio of chitosan / PEO blends were studied. The factors such as voltage and receiving distance were optimized. The silk fibroin samples with different degumming degree were blended and electrospun. The problem of poor repeatability of silk fibroin electrospinning in aqueous solution was overcome, and the spinning process was stable successfully. The experimental results show that the chitosan / PEO electrospinning membrane is super oil-thinning under water and anti-adhesion to oil droplets, which is covered on the surface of stainless steel mesh and can be effectively separated from oil-water mixture in water environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

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