本文關(guān)鍵詞： ZnO納米材料 金屬襯底 水熱法 低溫制備 異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) 光催化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)以來,隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,環(huán)境水污染問題和能源緊缺問題已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康和阻礙社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要因素。半導(dǎo)體光催化劑作為一個(gè)有效解決水污染和能源問題的可行策略已經(jīng)引起了全世界的關(guān)注和研究興趣。因此,眾多的半導(dǎo)體材料作為活性半導(dǎo)體光催化劑得到了迅速的發(fā)展。而納米ZnO材料由于其具有無(wú)毒無(wú)害、成本廉價(jià)、易于合成以及高效的光催化活性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在半導(dǎo)體光催化領(lǐng)域受到了廣泛的研究。本文通過室溫或近室溫條件下的水熱反應(yīng)在不同的金屬襯底(Al、Cu、Zn)上制備出了負(fù)載型的納米ZnO材料,并對(duì)其光催化性能進(jìn)行了研究。具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,本文采用室溫條件下的水熱反應(yīng)在金屬Al襯底上制備出了ZnO納米片結(jié)構(gòu)材料,并運(yùn)用SEM,XRD和PL等手段對(duì)其進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的表征。ZnO納米片生長(zhǎng)機(jī)理的研究表明Al襯底在ZnO納米片的生長(zhǎng)過程中除了作為襯底使用外,對(duì)ZnO形貌的調(diào)控有重要的影響。光催化性能的研究表明,ZnO納米片具有良好的光催化活性和光催化循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。然后,本文利用室溫以及低溫水熱反應(yīng)的方法在金屬Cu片上成功制備出了ZnO/Cu_2O異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。ZnO/Cu_2O異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)I-V特性的研究結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出了典型的半導(dǎo)體二極管整流特性。光催化性能的研究表明,ZnO/Cu_2O異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)與Cu_2O八面體和ZnO納米棒相比具有較高的光催化降解率。光催化機(jī)理的研究表明,ZnO/Cu_2O異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)高效的光催化性能一方面是通過異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)提高太陽(yáng)光的利用率實(shí)現(xiàn)的。另一方面,ZnO/Cu_2O異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的形成有利于促進(jìn)光生電子和空穴對(duì)的分離,進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)光催化效率的增強(qiáng)。最后,進(jìn)一步通過金屬Zn片和水在低溫下的反應(yīng),成功在金屬Zn襯底上制備出了ZnO納米錐結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)納米錐結(jié)構(gòu)光催化性能的研究表明其對(duì)甲基橙溶液和亞甲基藍(lán)溶液都有較好的光催化活性。通過Zn片和水低溫反應(yīng)制備ZnO光催化劑過程簡(jiǎn)單且成本低廉,在節(jié)約能源和工業(yè)化治理水污染等方面有著巨大的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, with the rapid development of modern industry, Environmental water pollution and energy shortage have become a serious threat to human health and hinder the development of society. Semiconductor photocatalyst as a feasible strategy to effectively solve water pollution and energy problems has been introduced. Has aroused worldwide interest and interest in research. Many kinds of semiconductor materials have been developed rapidly as active semiconductor photocatalysts. However, nanocrystalline ZnO materials are cheap because of their innocuous and non-toxic properties. The advantages of easy synthesis and high photocatalytic activity have been widely studied in the field of semiconductor photocatalysis. In this paper, supported nanocrystalline ZnO materials were prepared on different metal substrates by hydrothermal reaction at room or near room temperature. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanostructures were studied as follows: firstly, ZnO nanostructures were prepared on Al substrates by hydrothermal reaction at room temperature. The growth mechanism of ZnO nanocrystals was characterized by means of ZnO XRD and PL. The results showed that Al substrates were used as substrates in the growth process of ZnO nanocrystals. The study on the photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanocrystals shows that they have good photocatalytic activity and photocatalytic cycle stability. In this paper, the I-V characteristics of ZnO/Cu_2O heterostructure. ZnO / Cu2O heterostructure on Cu wafer have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction at room temperature and low temperature. The results show typical rectifying characteristics of semiconductor diodes. The photocatalytic degradation rate of ZnO / CuS heterostructure is higher than that of Cu_2O octahedron and ZnO nanorods. On the other hand, the formation of ZnO / Cu2O heterostructure is conducive to the separation of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. Finally, through the reaction of metal Zn sheet and water at low temperature, ZnO nanocones were successfully prepared on Zn substrates. The photocatalytic properties of the nanocones showed good photocatalytic activity for both methyl orange solution and methylene blue solution. The process of preparing ZnO photocatalyst should be simple and low cost. It has great application prospect in saving energy and controlling water pollution industrially.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O643.36;O644.1

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