本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鋰離子電池 負極材料 正極材料 石墨烯 氧化鋅 五氧化二釩　出處：《北京理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：可充電式鋰離子電池具有能量密度高，維修費用低和自放電能力低等特點，在學術(shù)和商業(yè)領(lǐng)域吸引了極大的注意，使其成為了便攜式電子設(shè)備、電動汽車和混合電動汽車的潛在電源。鋰離子電池正負極電極材料是鋰離子電池的重要組成部分，因其對鋰離子電池的電化學性能有關(guān)鍵作用，所以電極材料的選擇是鋰離子電池性能得到提升的關(guān)鍵因素之一。石墨烯（Graphene）是由單層sp2雜化碳原子組成的六方蜂巢狀二維結(jié)構(gòu)物質(zhì)，自2004年首次報道獨立存在以來，在力學、熱學、電學、光學等方面的優(yōu)異性能，使之成為近年來化學、材料科學及物理學領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。近來，石墨烯在作為鋰離子電池的電極材料方面也激發(fā)了極大地研究興趣，以石墨烯、不同含氧官能團的石墨烯衍生物如氧化石墨和還原氧化石墨等作為不同金屬和金屬氧化物納米結(jié)構(gòu)物質(zhì)生長的2D基底，并以此作為電極材料的大量工作已被開展，且取得了一定的進展。 本文以石墨烯基化合物為研究對象制備出了系列復合材料，采用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM等測試方法對這些材料進行物相組成和結(jié)構(gòu)形貌的表征，，并且將其作為正負極電極材料組裝成鋰離子電池，測試了其電化學性能。主要的研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)采用冷凍干燥-熱還原方法合成了氮（N）摻雜的ZnO-Graphene復合納米材料。 以氫氧化鋅[Zn(OH)2]、乙二胺（EDA）和氧化石墨烯為原料，用冷凍干燥-熱還原方法制備了N摻雜的ZnO-Graphene復合納米材料。制備過程簡單，條件易控制，無需任何模板和表面活性劑。該材料作為鋰離子電池負極材料，容量高、循環(huán)穩(wěn)定、倍率性能好，且與純相ZnO、純相Graphene及未摻N的ZnO-Graphene相比電池性能有了很大的提高，在100mA g-1電流密度下，容量可以達到900mAh g-1。 (2)采用水熱-熱解方法合成了V2O5-Graphene復合納米材料。 以偏釩酸銨（NH4VO3）和氧化石墨烯為原料，用水熱-熱解的方法合成了V2O5-Graphene復合納米材料。方法簡單，易操作，成本低等。合成的材料結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，將其作為鋰離子電池正極材料，電化學性能較好。在100mA g-1電流密度下，容量可以達到325mAh g-1。
[Abstract]:The rechargeable lithium-ion battery, with its high energy density, low maintenance cost and low self-discharge capacity, has attracted great attention in the academic and commercial fields, making it a portable electronic device. Potential power supply for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries are an important component of lithium ion batteries because they play a key role in the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the selection of electrode materials is one of the key factors to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Graphene (Graphene) is a hexagonal honeycomb structure material composed of monolayer sp2 hybrid carbon atoms. Because of its excellent thermal, electrical and optical properties, graphene has become a hot topic in recent years in the fields of chemistry, material science and physics. Recently, graphene has also aroused great interest in the field of electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Using graphene, graphene derivatives with different oxygen functional groups, such as graphite oxide and reduced graphite oxide, as 2D substrates for the growth of different metal and metal oxide nanostructures, a great deal of work has been carried out as electrode materials. Some progress has been made. In this paper, a series of composite materials were prepared from graphene based compounds. The phase composition and structure morphology of these materials were characterized by XRDX XPS SEMTEM, and the materials were used as cathode electrode materials to form lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical properties have been tested. The main contents of the study are as follows:. 1) ZnO-Graphene nanocomposites doped with nitrogen nitride were synthesized by freeze-drying and thermal reduction method. Using zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)2], ethylenediamine (EDA) and graphene oxide as raw materials, N-doped ZnO-Graphene composite nanomaterials were prepared by freeze-drying and thermal reduction method. No templates and surfactants are needed. The material is of high capacity, stable cycling, good performance of rate and high performance compared with pure phase ZnO, pure phase Graphene and ZnO-Graphene without N, which is a kind of anode material for lithium ion battery with high capacity, stable cycle and good rate of performance, and the performance of the battery is greatly improved compared with pure phase ZnO, pure phase Graphene and non-doped ZnO-Graphene. Under the current density of 100mAg-1, the capacity can reach 900mAh g-1. The V _ 2O _ 5-Graphene composite nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. Using ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) and graphene oxide as raw materials, V _ 2O _ 5-Graphene composite nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal pyrolysis. The method is simple, easy to operate and low in cost. The synthesized materials have stable structure and are used as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical performance is good. At the current density of 100mA g ~ (-1), the capacity can reach 325 mAh g ~ (-1).
【學位授予單位】：北京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB33;TM912

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