本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水輔混煉擠出 間歇法發(fā)泡 埃洛石納米管 氧化石墨烯 微觀結(jié)構(gòu) 流變性能 力學(xué)性能 熱穩(wěn)定性　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚合物基納米復(fù)合材料和微孔發(fā)泡聚合物材料的高性能制備和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控越來越多地得到工業(yè)界和學(xué)術(shù)界的重視。本學(xué)位論文采用水輔混煉擠出和間歇法發(fā)泡展開相關(guān)研究。首先,基于水輔混煉的作用機理,構(gòu)建水輔混煉擠出實驗設(shè)備;其次,采用水輔混煉擠出制備聚丙烯/埃洛石納米管(PP/HNTs)和聚偏氟乙烯/氧化石墨烯(PVDF/GO)復(fù)合材料,探索水促進納米粒子分散的機理;最后,對水輔混煉擠出制備的部分PP/HNTs和PVDF/GO納米復(fù)合材料以及普通擠出制備的PP/乙烯 辛烯共聚物(POE)共混物進行發(fā)泡。采用水輔混煉擠出制備PP/HNTs 85/15復(fù)合材料。結(jié)果表明,隨注水量增加,HNTs在PP基體中的分散趨于均勻;當(dāng)注水量為2 L/h時,HNTs均勻地分散和分布在PP基體中。這表明在混煉過程中,水呈現(xiàn)的塑化、汽化和局部膨脹效應(yīng),對HNTs的分散有明顯促進作用。HNTs的均勻分散,可提高復(fù)合材料的儲能模量、復(fù)數(shù)粘度、力學(xué)和熱穩(wěn)定性能。采用水輔混煉擠出直接將Hummers法制備并超聲處理后的GO水溶液與PVDF混煉制備PVDF/GO納米復(fù)合材料。結(jié)果表明,PVDF插層進入GO片層,使GO在PVDF基體中獲得均勻分散,且兩者之間形成氫鍵作用;同時PVDF剝離GO表面的氧化碎片,使GO發(fā)生一定程度原位熱還原。GO含量較低的PVDF/GO納米復(fù)合材料的儲能模量、復(fù)數(shù)粘度、力學(xué)性能和熱穩(wěn)定性均有一定程度提高。采用間歇法制備PVDF和PP基多相體系的微孔發(fā)泡材料,探索發(fā)泡行為與發(fā)泡條件和材料特性之間的關(guān)系。對PVDF/GO復(fù)合材料,利用發(fā)泡過程中PVDF和PVDF/GO納米復(fù)合材料的結(jié)晶和黏彈特性的差異等,來調(diào)控泡孔尺寸和密度等。對PP/HNTs復(fù)合材料,利用材料特性并通過控制發(fā)泡條件,獲得橢球狀泡孔和具有較高長徑比的泡孔結(jié)構(gòu)等。對PP/POE共混物,利用分散相相形態(tài)以及兩相黏彈性和Sc-CO2溶解度的差異,獲得橢球狀、長孔狀和開孔的泡孔結(jié)構(gòu),且泡孔形狀、尺寸和密度等與分散相相形態(tài)有密切關(guān)系。總之,結(jié)合材料特性并控制發(fā)泡條件,可有效調(diào)控泡孔的形狀、分布和尺寸等,獲得多樣化泡孔結(jié)構(gòu)以適應(yīng)不同用途的需求。
[Abstract]:The high performance preparation and structure control of polymer matrix nanocomposites and microcellular foamed polymer materials have been paid more and more attention by industry and academic circles. Related research. First of all, Based on the mechanism of water-assisted mixing, the experimental equipment of water-assisted mixing extrusion was constructed. Secondly, PP / HNTs and PVDF / GOG composites were prepared by water-assisted extrusion. Explore the mechanism of water promoting the dispersion of nanoparticles; finally, The PP/HNTs and PVDF/GO nanocomposites prepared by water-assisted extrusion and the blends prepared by ordinary extrusion were foamed. The PP/HNTs 85/15 composites were prepared by water-assisted extrusion. The dispersion of HNTs in PP matrix tends to be uniform with the increase of water injection rate, and the HNTs are uniformly dispersed and distributed in PP matrix when the water injection rate is 2 L / h. This indicates that the plasticization, vaporization and local expansion effect of water are observed in the mixing process. It can obviously promote the dispersion of HNTs. It can improve the storage modulus and complex viscosity of the composite. The mechanical and thermal stability properties of PVDF/GO nanocomposites were prepared by water assisted mixing and extruding the go aqueous solution prepared by Hummers method and mixed with PVDF by ultrasonic treatment. The results showed that the PVDF/GO nanocomposites were intercalated into the go lamellae and dispersed uniformly in the PVDF matrix. The hydrogen bond was formed between the two and the oxidation fragments of go surface were stripped by PVDF to some extent, the storage modulus and complex viscosity of PVDF/GO nanocomposites with low content of in situ thermal reduction. The mechanical properties and thermal stability were improved to some extent. The microcellular foaming materials of PVDF and PP based multiphase systems were prepared by batch method, and the relationship between foaming behavior and foaming conditions and material properties was explored. By using the difference of crystallization and viscoelastic properties of PVDF and PVDF/GO nanocomposites during foaming process, the size and density of foams are regulated. For PP/HNTs composites, the properties of the materials and the foaming conditions are controlled. The ellipsoidal bubble pore and the bubble pore structure with high aspect ratio were obtained. The morphology of dispersed phase and the difference of viscoelasticity between two phases and the solubility of Sc-CO2 were used to obtain the bubble structure of ellipsoid, long pore and open pore, and the bubble pore shape was obtained for the PP/POE blend, and the structure of the foam was obtained by using the morphology of the dispersed phase and the difference between the viscoelasticity of the two phases and the solubility of the Sc-CO2. The size and density are closely related to the morphology of the dispersed phase. In a word, the shape, distribution and size of the foam can be effectively controlled by combining the properties of the materials and controlling the foaming conditions, and various cellular structures can be obtained to meet the needs of different applications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

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本文編號：1544617