本文關(guān)鍵詞： 羰基鐵 蒸發(fā)器 氣體流量 模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制　出處：《長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：納米鐵粉對(duì)當(dāng)代工業(yè)及日常生活有著越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用,其中納米羰基鐵粉即是其中的一種,其制備過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜且對(duì)設(shè)備要求苛刻,蒸發(fā)器是納米羰基鐵粉制備的一重要環(huán)節(jié)。其工作過(guò)程大致為：通過(guò)導(dǎo)入過(guò)熱蒸汽對(duì)液態(tài)羰基鐵進(jìn)行加熱,直至沸騰蒸發(fā),汽化的羰基鐵經(jīng)蒸發(fā)器出口導(dǎo)出,但是羰基鐵液在蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)蒸發(fā)汽化的過(guò)程極易受到諸多因素的影響而變化,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致出口蒸汽流量的不穩(wěn)定。直接影響下一環(huán)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和最終產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。本文主要目的在于保證五羰基鐵蒸發(fā)器出口蒸汽流量的穩(wěn)定控制,其目標(biāo)是：通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)熱氣體的流量來(lái)控制蒸發(fā)器出口工質(zhì)流量維持在設(shè)定值,保證系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行,并最大限度地利用能源�，F(xiàn)階段,針對(duì)蒸發(fā)器的模型選擇與建立,學(xué)者們都已作出了豐富的總結(jié)并獲得了相應(yīng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)綜合分析,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的基于羰基鐵蒸發(fā)器的模型的建立選擇用移動(dòng)邊界法實(shí)現(xiàn)。并在MATLAB/SIMULINK環(huán)境下的通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果證明了該模型的可實(shí)施性,確定其可以準(zhǔn)確地反映出羰基鐵蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)運(yùn)行的實(shí)際情況。通過(guò)對(duì)以往蒸發(fā)器的分析,我們知道非線性、大慣性,以及很大的控制難度是其系統(tǒng)中一直存在的問(wèn)題,對(duì)此,本文提出一種模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制器,在分析模糊理論與PID控制結(jié)構(gòu)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了基于模糊思想的自適應(yīng)PID控制器的設(shè)計(jì)思路。同時(shí)為了證明這種控制方法的優(yōu)越性,分別給出了普通PID控制器和改進(jìn)后的模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制器的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)。仿真結(jié)果表明上述方法提高了系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)特性。本文針對(duì)納米羰基鐵粉蒸發(fā)器的控制系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的隨機(jī)性、不確定性及非線性等問(wèn)題,在結(jié)合了模糊控制理論與PID控制算法的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試了新的方法并運(yùn)用新的控制器,并且以集散控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)為基礎(chǔ)過(guò)程控制,PCS7為核心控制系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)五羰基鐵蒸發(fā)器的過(guò)程控制。實(shí)踐證明,運(yùn)用該控制理論及控制方法的蒸發(fā)器實(shí)現(xiàn)的控制效果優(yōu)于過(guò)往的蒸發(fā)器。
[Abstract]:Nanocrystalline iron powder is more and more widely used in modern industry and daily life, among which nano-carbonyl iron powder is one of them, its preparation process is more complex and demanding to the equipment. The evaporator is an important part in the preparation of nanometer carbonyl iron powder. The working process is that the liquid carbonyl iron is heated by introducing superheated steam until boiling evaporation, and the vaporized carbonyl iron is exported through the evaporator outlet. However, the process of vaporizing carbonyl iron in evaporator is easily influenced by many factors. The main purpose of this paper is to ensure the steady control of the outlet steam flow of the pentacarbonyl iron evaporator, which directly affects the stable operation of the next link and the quality of the final product. The aim is to control the flow of refrigerant at the outlet of evaporator by adjusting the flow rate of superheated gas, to ensure the safe operation of the system and to make the maximum use of energy. At this stage, the model of evaporator is selected and established. Scholars have made a rich summary and gained the corresponding experience, after comprehensive analysis, The establishment of the model based on carbonyl iron evaporator is realized by moving boundary method in this paper. The simulation results under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment prove the feasibility of the model. It is determined that it can accurately reflect the actual operation of carbonyl iron evaporator. Through the analysis of the previous evaporator, we know that nonlinearity, large inertia and great difficulty of control are the problems in its system. In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive PID controller is proposed. Based on the analysis of fuzzy theory and the characteristics of PID control structure, the design idea of adaptive PID controller based on fuzzy idea is given. The comparison experiments between the ordinary PID controller and the improved fuzzy adaptive PID controller are given. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the static and dynamic characteristics of the system. The control of the nano-carbonyl iron powder evaporator is studied in this paper. The randomness of the system, Based on the combination of fuzzy control theory and PID control algorithm, a new method and a new controller are proposed for uncertain and nonlinear problems, and the process control system based on distributed control system, PCS7, is used as the core control system. The process control of the iron pentacarbonyl evaporator is realized. The practice shows that the control effect of the evaporator using the control theory and control method is better than that of the previous evaporator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;TP273

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