本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超級電容器 氧化鎳 碳納米管 比電容 電化學(xué)性能　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超級電容器是一種具有較高能量密度和功率密度的儲能設(shè)備,主要應(yīng)用在混合動力汽車、移動電子設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域中,是一種新型儲能設(shè)備。超級電容器組成結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括以下幾部分:電極材料和隔膜以及電解液,其中電極材料是用來作為超級電容器的核心組成部分,成為目前研究的熱點(diǎn)。本文主要選用碳基材料和金屬氧化物的復(fù)合物作為電極材料,主要是因?yàn)榻饘傺趸锞哂休^大的理論比電容,以便儲存能量,但由于其導(dǎo)電性能較差,循環(huán)性能不好,從而造成不能夠達(dá)到其相應(yīng)的比電容;而碳基材料(碳納米管)具有優(yōu)良的導(dǎo)電性,大的比表面積,可以有效改善金屬氧化物上述缺點(diǎn),故將兩種材料進(jìn)行復(fù)合,集合兩種材料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)是運(yùn)用水熱法將兩種材料進(jìn)行復(fù)合,合成一種電化學(xué)性能優(yōu)良復(fù)合電極材料,具體實(shí)驗(yàn)如下:1.采用水熱法,通過控制水熱溫度,進(jìn)而可以合成形貌的不同電極材料。具體是在堿性條件下通過簡單的水熱法制備了納米結(jié)構(gòu)的NiO\CNTs復(fù)合材料,氧化鎳納米片在復(fù)合材料中主要是為碳納米管附著提供了基底作用,通過對樣品的形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征發(fā)現(xiàn)碳納米管通過范德瓦爾力或者π-π鍵可以成功的附著在NiO納米花的表面上。此外,制備的不同水熱溫度下復(fù)合材料通過進(jìn)行電化學(xué)性能測試,采用6 M KOH為電解液,三電極體系下進(jìn)行測試的,通過恒流充放電測試發(fā)現(xiàn)NC-15(水熱溫度在150℃)的比電容在電流密度為5 A g-1時可達(dá)2171 F g-1,進(jìn)行1000次循環(huán)伏安曲線測試后,NC-15復(fù)合材料的容量保留率為92.8%,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出復(fù)合材料具有優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能,說明氧化鎳和碳納米管復(fù)合材料是一種有前景的超級電容器電極材料。2.通過一步水熱法,合成NiO和CNTs不同質(zhì)量比的復(fù)合電極材料。加入不同量CNTs,合成的復(fù)合電極材料通X射線衍射(XRD)、掃面電子顯微鏡(SEM)及等溫氮吸附-脫附(BET)等一系列表征發(fā)現(xiàn),只有在NiO:CNTs=1:1時,具有最好結(jié)晶度,最好的形貌,最大的比表面積。然后通過三電極系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行電化學(xué)測試,結(jié)果NC11具有最好的電化學(xué)性能。綜上,本文合成的復(fù)合材料合成過程簡單以實(shí)現(xiàn)形貌各異、電化學(xué)性能優(yōu)秀的超級電容器電極材料。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a kind of energy storage equipment with high energy density and power density, which is mainly used in hybrid electric vehicle, mobile electronic equipment and other fields. Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage equipment. The structure of supercapacitor consists of the following parts: electrode material, diaphragm and electrolyte, among which electrode material is used as the core component of supercapacitor. In this paper, the composite of carbon-based materials and metal oxides is chosen as electrode material, mainly because metal oxides have large theoretical capacitance to store energy. However, due to its poor conductivity and poor cycle performance, it can not reach its corresponding specific capacitance. Carbon based materials (carbon nanotubes) have good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, can effectively improve the shortcomings of metal oxides, so the two materials are combined. This experiment uses hydrothermal method to compound the two materials to synthesize a kind of composite electrode material with excellent electrochemical performance. The specific experiments are as follows: 1. Hydrothermal method is adopted. Different electrode materials with different morphologies can be synthesized by controlling hydrothermal temperature. In particular, nanostructured NiO\ CNTs composites were prepared by simple hydrothermal method under alkaline conditions. Nickel oxide nanoparticles provide the substrate for the adhesion of carbon nanotubes in the composites. Through the characterization of the morphology and structure of the sample, it was found that the carbon nanotubes could be successfully attached to the surface of the NiO nano-flowers by Van der Waldley or 蟺-蟺 bond. The electrochemical properties of the composites prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures were tested using 6 M KOH as electrolyte and three-electrode system. The constant current charge-discharge test shows that the specific capacitance of NC-15 (hydrothermal temperature is 150 鈩，

本文編號：1489848