本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電容脫鹽 碳材料 石墨烯 復合材料　出處：《上海大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著人口的不斷增長,環(huán)境污染的加劇,淡水資源已成為人類最大的威脅之一。海水及苦咸水脫鹽淡化是解決水資源短缺的主要途徑。電容脫鹽是一種基于雙電層電容原理的新技術(shù),其具有成本低、能耗低、綠色無污染等特點�；陔娙菝擕}的原理,碳材料具有高比表面積、高導電性、穩(wěn)定的物理及化學特性等是理想的電容脫鹽電極材。本論文采用葡萄糖吹掃法合成制備了新型類石墨烯材料研究了其電容脫鹽性能;為解決石墨烯易堆疊,將多孔碳引入石墨烯中制備了多孔碳/石墨烯復合材料,為了進一步提高復合材料的脫鹽性能,制備了三維石墨烯/介孔碳球復合材料�？疾炝穗姌O材料形貌結(jié)構(gòu)與脫鹽容量、脫鹽效率和脫鹽速率等的關(guān)系。主要內(nèi)容如下:1)以葡萄糖為碳源,硝酸鐵為石墨化催化劑,氯化銨為起泡劑,通過簡單的“吹糖”工藝合成了高度石墨化的類石墨烯碳納米片材料。它的片厚為2.4nm,約七個石墨層的厚度。作為對比,我們在相同實驗條件下合成了只添加起泡劑而未添加硝酸鐵催化劑的樣品;以及直接煅燒葡萄糖得到的樣品。研究了催化劑與起泡劑對樣品電化學性能的影響。首先,通過研究電極在氯化鈉溶液中的電吸附性能發(fā)現(xiàn),相比于只添加起泡劑和什么都不添加的樣品,類石墨烯納米片的比電容最高。再次,通過充放電測試研究發(fā)現(xiàn),相對于只添加起泡劑和什么都不添加的樣品,類石墨烯納米片的電極的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性和可逆性更加突出。類石墨烯納米片這種良好的電化學性能主要源于材料具有較高的石墨化程度和較高的比表面積。最后,通過研究脫鹽性能、動力學吸附參數(shù)、熱力學吸附參數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),類石墨烯納米片電極不僅脫鹽容量最大(38.62μmol/L)、吸附速率最快,而且其吸附以單層吸附為主。2)采用二氧化硅納米粒子/氧化石墨復合材料為模板,通過簡單的模板法合成了一種新型的氮摻雜的多孔炭/石墨烯基復合材料。氧化硅納米粒子通過靜電引力的作用吸附在石墨烯表面形成二氧化硅納米粒子/氧化石墨復合材料,以此作為模版將摻雜氮元素的碳源包覆在模板外碳化,最后刻蝕掉氧化硅后形成了氮摻雜的多孔炭/石墨烯基復合材料�？疾炝藦秃喜牧现胁煌嗫滋亢�(31%、64%、72%、80%、90%)對電極電化學性能的影響。通過結(jié)構(gòu)測試發(fā)現(xiàn),復合材料中有均一介孔結(jié)構(gòu)分布于層狀的石墨烯上,并且材料的比表面積很高。通過循環(huán)伏安測試表明,當含氮多孔炭含量為72%時,復合材料的比電容最高,比單純的石墨烯明顯增大。通過充放電測試結(jié)果進一步發(fā)現(xiàn),復合材料具有良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性和速率性能。此外,通過研究脫鹽性能、動力學吸附參數(shù)、熱力學吸附參數(shù)等也發(fā)現(xiàn)含氮多孔炭含量為72%的復合材料電極不僅脫鹽容量比單純石墨烯大、吸附速率比單純石墨烯快,而且其吸附以單層吸附為主。3)采用硬模板法設計合成了一種三維石墨烯包覆的介孔碳球復合材料,以氧化硅包覆的介孔碳球作為硬模板,將氧化石墨通過靜電引力吸附于模板表面形成三維結(jié)構(gòu),最后通過煅燒刻蝕形成復合材料。結(jié)構(gòu)測試表明介孔碳球分散于三維石墨烯的空穴中,有效的防止了石墨烯片與片之間的團聚。電化學性能研究表明復合材料的比電容遠大于單純的三維石墨烯和介孔碳球。充放電結(jié)果進一步證明了復合材料的穩(wěn)定性和可逆性也更加優(yōu)良。另外,研究脫鹽性能、動力學吸附參數(shù)、熱力學吸附參數(shù)等也表明三維石墨烯包覆的介孔碳球復合材料電極不僅脫鹽容量比單純石墨烯和介孔碳球大、吸附速率也比單純石墨烯和介孔碳球快,而且其吸附以單層吸附為主
[Abstract]:With the increase of population, the aggravation of environmental pollution, water resource has become one of the biggest threats to human beings. Seawater and brackish water desalination is the main way to solve the shortage of water resources. Desalination capacitor is a new technology based on the principle of electric double layer capacitor, which has the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption, pollution-free etc. based on the principle of capacitance. Desalination, carbon material with high surface area, high conductivity, stable physical and chemical characteristics of capacitor electrode material is ideal for desalination. This paper adopted glucose sweeping method to synthesize new type of graphene material on the capacitive desalination performance; in order to solve the problem of graphene is easy to stack the porous carbon into the graphene prepared porous carbon / graphene composite materials, in order to further improve the desalination performance of composite materials, three-dimensional graphene / mesoporous carbon spheres composite material was prepared. The influences of the shape of electrode materials The appearance and structure of desalination capacity, the relationship between the desalination efficiency and desalting rate. The main contents are as follows: 1) using glucose as carbon source, iron nitrate as graphitization catalyst, ammonium chloride as the foaming agent, through a simple "blown sugar" process highly graphitized synthesis of graphene like carbon nano materials. It film thickness is 2.4nm, about seven graphite layer thickness. As a comparison, we synthesized only add foaming agent without adding ferric nitrate catalyst samples under the same experimental conditions; and the samples obtained. Glucose direct calcination of catalyst and foaming agent effect on the electrochemical performance of the sample. Firstly, by electric adsorption performance of electrode in Sodium Chloride Solution found that compared to only add foaming agent and what are not added to the samples, the highest specific capacitance of graphene nanosheets. Thirdly, through the study of charge and discharge tests found that relative to only add up What do not add foaming agent and sample, cycle stability and reversibility of electrode type graphene nanosheets became more prominent. This kind of graphene nanosheets with good electrochemical performance is mainly due to the material with high graphitization degree and high surface area. Finally, through the research of the desalination performance, adsorption kinetics parameters found, thermodynamic adsorption parameters, type of graphene nanosheet electrode not only desalination capacity (38.62 mol/L), the adsorption rate is the fastest, and its adsorption to monolayer adsorption.2) using silica nanoparticles / graphene oxide composite material as a template, a new type of porous carbon / nitrogen doped graphene based composites were synthesized through the simple template method. Silica nanoparticles adsorbed by electrostatic interactions to form silica nanoparticles / graphene oxide composite material on the surface of graphene, as the template The nitrogen doped carbon coated carbide in the template, then etching the silicon oxide after the formation of the porous carbon / nitrogen doped graphene based composite materials. The effect of carbon content of porous composite materials with different nitrogen in (31%, 64%, 72%, 80%, 90%) effect on the electrochemical behavior of the electrode was found through. Structural testing, composite materials have the uniform mesoporous structure in layered graphene, and the surface area of the material is very high. The cyclic voltammetry tests show that when the nitrogen containing porous carbon content is 72%, the highest specific capacitance of the composite, than pure graphene significantly increased. Further found through the charge the discharge test results, composite material has good cycle stability and rate performance. In addition, through the study on desalination performance, adsorption kinetics parameters, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were also found for nitrogen containing carbon content of porous composite electrode 72% not only desalination capacity Compared to the pure graphene, the adsorption rate than pure graphene, and its adsorption to monolayer adsorption.3) a mesoporous carbon composite three-dimensional ball coated with graphene was synthesized by the design method of die plate, coated with silicon oxide dielectric Kong Tanqiu as hard template, the oxidation of graphite by electrostatic adsorption form the three-dimensional structure on the surface of the template. Finally through calcination etching to form composite structure. Tests show that the mesoporous carbon spheres dispersed in three-dimensional graphene hole, effectively prevent between graphene sheet together. The electrochemical studies showed that specific capacitance of the composite is far greater than the simple three-dimensional graphene and mesoporous carbon spheres the charge and discharge. The results further demonstrate the stability and reversibility of the composites is more excellent. In addition, studies on desalination performance, adsorption kinetics parameters, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption also show three-dimensional graphene The coated mesoporous carbon sphere composite electrode not only has larger desalting capacity than pure graphene and mesoporous carbon spheres, but also has faster adsorption rate than pure graphene and mesoporous carbon spheres, and its adsorption is mainly monolayer adsorption.

【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ127.11;TB33

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1481086