本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚磷酸銨 疏水改性 膨脹阻燃劑 耐水性能 阻燃性能　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚磷酸銨(APP)因其自身存在著極性大、吸濕性強、易水解及與聚合物相容性差等缺點,限制其廣泛應(yīng)用。本論文采用低表面能的硅樹脂對APP進行表面改性,并將其與實驗室自主研發(fā)的三嗪系成炭-發(fā)泡劑(CFA)進行復(fù)配,用于聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃改性并研究了材料的性能。本文首先以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)對APP表面進行化學(xué)修飾,然后用預(yù)先水解后的正硅酸四乙酯在其表面發(fā)生原位聚合,最后用十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷進行外表面修飾,制備改性聚磷酸銨(MAPP-1)。通過靜態(tài)接觸角(WCA)表征了MAPP-1的潤濕性能,其接觸角達到了134°,表現(xiàn)出很好的疏水性能。將MAPP-1與CFA以質(zhì)量比4：1進行復(fù)配得膨脹型阻燃劑(IFR)并添加到PP中,制備阻燃PP (PP/MAPP-1/CFA)材料。通過極限氧指數(shù)(LOI)、垂直燃燒(UL-94)和錐形量熱(CONE)測試研究了材料的阻燃性能及燃燒行為,采用熱重分析(TGA)技術(shù)研究了材料的的熱降解行為,通過在70℃下水煮168h的耐水測試研究了阻燃PP材料的耐水性能,通過拉伸、彎曲和沖擊強度的測試研究了材料的力學(xué)性能,通過掃描電鏡(SEM)研究了阻燃劑與聚合物的相容性。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)IFR的添加量為23wt%時,1.6mm厚度的阻燃PP樣條通過垂直燃燒V-O級測試,LOI值達30.8%；且經(jīng)過耐水測試后,材料依然能通過垂直燃燒V-0級測試,且其質(zhì)量損失率僅為0.92%。但在相同實驗條件下,PP/APP/CFA體系經(jīng)耐水測試后樣條在垂直燃燒測試中無級別,且質(zhì)量損失率達到了2.45%,表明APP的疏水改性大大提高了阻燃PP材料的耐水性能。TGA和CONE數(shù)據(jù)表明,APP的改性并沒有改變材料的熱降解行為,但降低了材料的熱釋放速率(HRR)和總熱釋放量(THR)降低。SEM及力學(xué)性能測試表明,APP的改性使得阻燃劑與聚合物的相容性得到提高,從而提高了材料的力學(xué)性能。由于上述的疏水改性體系中需要引入少量的水,使得APP部分水解。為了進一步提高APP的疏水性能,本論文同時以KH550對APP表面進行化學(xué)修飾,降低APP的表面極性,然后用低表面能硅樹脂進行化學(xué)改性,制備改性聚磷酸銨(MAPP-2)。潤濕性能測試表明,MAPP-2和IFR(由MAPP-2與CFA組成)的接觸角分別為148°和144°,表現(xiàn)出更優(yōu)異的疏水性能。將該IFR添加到PP中制備阻燃PP (PP/MAPP-2/CFA)材料,并對其性能進行了研究。測試結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)IFR的添加量為22wt%時,1.6mm厚的阻燃PP樣條通過垂直燃燒V-O級測試,LOI達到了31.7%,且經(jīng)過耐水測試后,材料依然能通過V-O級,其質(zhì)量損失率僅為0.85%,表明MAPP-2可以很好的提高材料的耐水性能。CONE和TGA結(jié)果表明,APP的改性不僅使阻燃PP的HRR和THR降低,而且使材料的熱穩(wěn)定增加。阻燃材料的表面及斷口SEM和力學(xué)性能測試結(jié)果表明,IFR與PP的界面結(jié)合較好,從而提高了阻燃PP的耐水和力學(xué)性能。
[Abstract]:Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has many disadvantages, such as high polarity, strong hygroscopicity, easy hydrolysis and poor compatibility with polymers. In this paper, low surface energy silicone resin was used to modify the surface of APP, and it was compounded with triazine system of carbon-forming foaming agent developed independently in laboratory. In this paper, the surface of APP was chemically modified with 緯 -aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH _ 550). The surface of tetraethyl orthosilicate was polymerized in situ by pre-hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate, and the external surface was modified with 17 fluorodecyl triethoxy silane. The wettability of MAPP-1 was characterized by static contact angle, and the contact angle reached 134 擄. The intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was prepared from MAPP-1 and CFA at the mass ratio of 4: 1 and added to PP. The flame retarded PP / PP / MAPP-1 / CFAs were prepared by means of limiting oxygen index (loi). The flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the materials were studied by means of UL-94) and conical calorimetry. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique was used to study the thermal degradation behavior of the materials. The water resistance of flame retardant PP was studied by water resistance test at 70 鈩，

本文編號：1463645