本文關鍵詞： 半導電電極 空間電荷 電阻率 多省并醌類聚合物 復合材料　出處：《青島科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：半導電屏蔽層是高壓直流電纜結構中的一個重要組成部分,它可以均勻絕緣層中的電場分布,防止電場畸變,減少電應力集中,從而提高絕緣層的擊穿強度。半導電屏蔽層質量的好壞對高壓直流電纜的使用壽命及其安全可靠性有重要影響,同時也是制約高壓直流電纜快速發(fā)展的重要瓶頸。本文采用雙輥開煉機混煉技術制備出導電炭黑(CB)與低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的復合材料,以此作為制備高壓直流電纜半導電屏蔽料的母料。通過密煉機混煉技術在母料中加入適量改性組分,以制備出性能較好的半導電電極,可作為高壓直流電纜半導電屏蔽層。通過電阻率測試、拉伸測試、掃描電子顯微鏡觀察、空間電荷測量等技術分析了所制備的半導電電極的性能。1.通過鹽熔法制備多省并醌類(PAQR)聚合物,并把所制得的PAQR通過密煉機混煉加入到CB/LDPE母料中,制備半導電復合材料。采用PEA和TSC探究其對絕緣層空間電荷的抑制效果。結果表明:由PEA實驗可知,PAQR含量較多時,有助于降低絕緣層空間電荷濃度,從而增強PAQR/CB/LDPE復合材料對空間電荷的抑制效果;由TSC實驗可知,隨著PAQR含量的增加,PAQR/CB/LDPE半導電電極對絕緣層的空間電荷的抑制作用越來越大。2.采用熔融共混及熱壓交聯的方法制備了CB/LDPE/EVA半導電復合材料,對其拉伸強度、電阻率、交聯度、熱老化、熱延伸及毛細管流變的性能進行了測試。結果表明:隨著EVA含量的增加,CB/LDPE/EVA體系的斷裂伸長率增加,但拉伸強度有所下降;在熱延伸測試方面,其結果達到國家標準要求;通過毛細管流變測試發(fā)現,CB/LDPE/EVA體系擁有較低的剪切粘度,且毛細管擠出的試樣表面達到了超光滑的水平,通過對比發(fā)現其綜合性能已經接近于進口的高壓直流半導電屏蔽料。3.本文還探究了在CB/LDPE/EVA體系中,CB含量的變化對半導電電極的電阻率的影響以及對絕緣層空間電荷的屏蔽效果。結果表明:半導電電極中CB含量增加時,電阻率降低,當CB含量超過25%后,電阻率減小不明顯,表明試樣在該CB比例下已接近過導電電阻的逾滲值;空間電荷測試時,半導電電極CB的含量增加時,絕緣層的空間電荷含量先增加后減小。
[Abstract]:Semi-conductive shielding layer is an important part of HVDC cable structure. It can evenly distribute electric field in insulation layer, prevent electric field distortion and reduce electric stress concentration. In order to improve the breakdown strength of insulation layer, the quality of semi-conductive shielding layer has an important impact on the service life of HVDC cable and its safety and reliability. At the same time, it is also an important bottleneck restricting the rapid development of HVDC cables. In this paper, the composite materials of conductive carbon black (CBB) and LDPE (low density polyethylene (LDPE)) have been prepared by using the technology of two-roller opener mixing. It is used as the master batch for preparing HVDC cable semi-conductive shielding material. Through mixing technology of mixer, a suitable amount of modified component is added to the master batch to prepare semi-conductive electrode with better performance. Can be used as high voltage DC cable semi-conductive shielding layer. Through resistivity testing, tensile testing, scanning electron microscope observation. The properties of the prepared semiconductive electrode were analyzed by space charge measurement. 1. The polyquinone PAQR polymer was prepared by salt melting method. The prepared PAQR is added to the CB/LDPE masterbatch by mixing with a mixer. PEA and TSC were used to study the inhibition effect of semiconductive composites on the space charge of insulating layer. The results showed that when the content of PAQR was higher, the results showed that the content of PAQR was higher. It is helpful to reduce the space charge concentration of the insulating layer, so as to enhance the space charge suppression effect of PAQR/CB/LDPE composite. According to TSC experiment, with the increase of PAQR content. The effect of PAQR/CB/LDPE semiconductive electrode on the space charge of insulating layer is increasing. 2. The CB/LDPE/EVA semiconductive complex was prepared by melt blending and hot pressing crosslinking. Composite material. The tensile strength, resistivity, crosslinking degree, thermal aging, thermal extension and capillary rheology were tested. The elongation at break of CB/LDPE/EVA system increased, but the tensile strength decreased. In the aspect of thermal extension test, the results meet the requirements of national standard. The capillary rheological test showed that the CBR / LDPE / EVA system had low shear viscosity and the surface of the sample extruded by capillary reached the level of super smooth. By comparison, it is found that its comprehensive performance is close to that of imported HVDC semi-conductive shielding material. 3. In this paper, we also explore the CB/LDPE/EVA system. The effect of CB content on the resistivity of semiconductive electrode and the shielding effect on the space charge of the insulating layer. The results show that the resistivity decreases with the increase of CB content in the semiconductive electrode. When the CB content exceeds 25%, the resistivity decreases little, indicating that the percolation value of the superconductive resistance is close to that of the sample at the CB ratio. When the content of CB in semiconductive electrode increases, the space charge content of insulating layer first increases and then decreases.
【學位授予單位】：青島科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ325.12;TB332

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