本文關鍵詞：礦用硅酸鹽-多異氰酸酯雜化高分子復合材料安全性能的研究和膨脹傳熱過程分析　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 礦井火災 高分子材料 雜化 空心玻璃微珠 玻璃纖維 可膨脹石墨

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速增長和化工行業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,越來越多的高分子聚合物成為了日常應用材料并且也在煤礦生產(chǎn)中擔任著重要的角色。但是由于其主要由碳、氧元素構成,極易燃燒,在燃燒時熱釋放速率大,釋放熱值高,火焰?zhèn)鞑ニ俣瓤?難熄滅,且絕大多數(shù)的高聚物燃燒伴隨著濃煙和有毒氣體的產(chǎn)生。高分子聚合物燃燒引起的建筑物火災和煤礦安全生產(chǎn)事故時有發(fā)生。本文針對現(xiàn)有高分子聚合物阻燃性能差等缺點,研制了一種雜化高分子復合材料,采用熱失重分析,煙密度、燃燒性能測試、壓縮和剪切力測試及掃描電子顯微鏡等手段表征其性能,該雜化高分子復合材料具有阻燃性能優(yōu)異、力學性能良好等優(yōu)點,取得的主要成果和結(jié)論如下:以無機組份-硅酸鈉和有機組份-多異氰酸酯為主要原材料合成了雜化高分子復合材料,探究了不同組分之間力學和阻燃性能的差別。結(jié)果表明,雜化高分子復合材料內(nèi)部引入了穩(wěn)定的Si-O鍵和Si-O-Si鍵。當有機組份和無機組份之間的比例為3:1時,材料的力學性能最為優(yōu)異。無機組分含量越多,材料的熱釋放速率和煙氣密度越低,但是釋放的二氧化碳和一氧化碳量出現(xiàn)波動。表觀活化能隨著無機組份含量增加和分解率增加不斷變大。綜合各組樣品的力學性能和阻燃性能表現(xiàn),可以認為無機組份和有機組份的比例為1:3時,最終合成材料的綜合性能最為優(yōu)異。為增強材料的力學性能,提高其安全系數(shù),采用了三種尺寸的空心玻璃微珠和玻璃纖維作為添加劑。探究了不同類型的添加劑和添加量對雜化高分子復合材料性能特別是力學性能的提高效果和阻燃性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:不同添加劑單獨添加都會使材料的最大壓縮強度和最大剪切力有所增加,效果最為明顯的為玻璃纖維。直徑最小的空心玻璃微珠也取得較好效果,并且與玻璃纖維協(xié)同使用時效果更佳。四種添加劑都會不同程度的降低材料燃燒時的煙氣釋放量、熱釋放速率和熱分解速率。綜合各組樣品的力學性能和阻燃性能表現(xiàn),可以認為樣品GF1.5-320#HGM 3.0 SSP的綜合性能最為優(yōu)異。為了進一步提高材料的阻燃性能,減少材料遇到火焰時受到的破壞,采用了可膨脹石墨作為添加劑。探究了其遇到外部熱源時材料的燃燒情況和可膨脹石墨對材料力學性能的影響。結(jié)果顯示可膨脹石墨的加入使材料的微觀結(jié)構出現(xiàn)大塊破碎顆粒和孔洞,并使材料的脆性增加,降低了其抵抗外部力的能力。但當受到外部熱輻射時,可膨脹石墨受熱膨脹時在材料表面形成了保護層,降低了材料基體受到的損害。明顯的提高了材料的阻燃性能、熱穩(wěn)定性能和表觀活化能,此外煙氣密度也明顯降低�？梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)添加3 wt%可膨脹石墨時,既能很好的提高材料的阻燃性能,又不至于嚴重破壞材料的力學性能。根據(jù)原始雜化高分子復合材料和可膨脹石墨改性雜化高分子復合材料受到熱輻射時實際情況,利用有限元分析軟件模擬了二者受熱過程中內(nèi)部溫度的變化,并進行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明含有可膨脹石墨的材料下部溫度差異性較小且溫度上升較慢,頂部區(qū)域溫度上升較快,并且下部溫度受火焰的影響較小。以雜化高分子復合材料為基礎的漿體應用于山西朔州寺爾溝煤礦的圍巖巷道加固。結(jié)果表明雜化高分子復合材料很好的填充在煤巖裂隙中,增強了煤體的承載能力,并且反應過程產(chǎn)熱少,展現(xiàn)了該材料優(yōu)異的安全性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's rapid economic growth and chemical industry, polymer become more and more daily application materials and is also in the coal mine production plays an important role. But because of its mainly composed of carbon, oxygen elements, easy combustion, the combustion heat release rate and release of high calorific value, flame spread fast, difficult to extinguish, and most of the polymer with the burning of smoke and toxic gases produced. Polymer combustion caused the building fire and coal mine production safety accidents have occurred. According to the existing polymer flame retardant performance poor, developed a kind of hybrid polymer composite materials by thermogravimetric analysis, smoke density, combustion performance test, characterization of compression and shear stress test and scanning electron microscopy of the performance of the hybrid polymer composite materials with flame retardant properties Excellent, good mechanical properties and other advantages, the main achievements and conclusions are as follows: using inorganic components and organic components - sodium silicate - polyisocyanate as the main raw material of hybrid polymer composites were synthesized on mechanical and flame retardant properties between different components of the difference. The results show that internal hybrid polymer composite material is introduced the stability of the Si-O and Si-O-Si keys. When between organic and inorganic components ratio was 3:1, the mechanical properties of the material is excellent. The more the content of inorganic components, the heat release rate and smoke density is low, but the amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide release volatility. The apparent activation energy with inorganic the component content and increase the decomposition rate of increase becomes larger and larger. Mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of all samples can be considered comprehensive, inorganic components and organic components ratio was 1:3, and the final yield The comprehensive performance of the material is excellent. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the material, improve the safety coefficient, the hollow glass beads and three sizes of glass fiber as an additive. To explore the different types of additives and adding special effects of improving the effect of mechanical properties and flame retardant properties on the performance of hybrid polymer composite materials. The results showed that different additives added alone will make the maximum compressive strength and maximum shear stress increase, the most obvious effect for glass fiber. The minimum diameter of hollow glass beads has good effect, better effect and used in conjunction with glass fiber. Four kinds of additives are different reduce the flue gas emissions during combustion of materials, heat release rate and thermal decomposition rate. The mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of each sample can be considered comprehensive, sample GF1.5-320#HGM The comprehensive performance of 3 SSP is excellent. In order to further improve the flame retardant performance, reduce material damage when exposed to the flame, using expandable graphite as additives. Exploring the combustion situation encountered external heat source materials and effect of expandable graphite on the mechanical properties. The results showed that the addition of expandable graphite the microstructure of the material appears large broken particles and holes, and the brittleness of the material increases, reduces their ability to resist external force. But when subjected to external heat radiation, expandable graphite thermal expansion in the material is formed on the surface protective layer, reduce the damage to the material matrix. Improved flame retardant properties materials, thermal stability and apparent activation energy density was also reduced. In addition the flue gas can be found by adding 3 wt% of expandable graphite, which can improve the flame retardancy of the composites can be very good, Without serious damage to mechanical properties of materials. According to the original hybrid polymer composite materials and subjected to thermal radiation conditions of modified hybrid polymer composite expanded graphite, were simulated using the finite element analysis software two heated internal temperature in the process were analyzed and compared. The results show that with expandable graphite material the lower temperature difference is small and the temperature rises slowly, the area at the top of the temperature rise rapidly and the lower temperature by the flame effect is small. In hybrid polymer composite roadway based slurry used in Shanxi Shuozhou Temple ditch coal mine reinforcement. The results show that the hybrid polymer composite good filling in coal rock fractures. Enhance the carrying capacity of coal, and the reaction process produces less heat, to show the safety performance of the materials are excellent.

【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB33;TD350.4

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 徐兆瑜;高分子復合材料的研究和應用新進展(續(xù))[J];化學推進劑與高分子材料;2003年03期

2 王亮亮,陶國良;導熱高分子復合材料的研究進展[J];工程塑料應用;2003年09期

3 ;我國攻關竹基高分子復合材料[J];化工中間體;2009年12期

4 ;我國攻關竹基高分子復合材料[J];材料導報;2009年S1期

5 肖善雄;張藝;孫世_g;劉四委;池振國;許家瑞;;導熱高分子復合材料的研究進展[J];廣東化工;2010年02期

6 ;我國半導體/絕緣高分子復合材料研究取得重大突破[J];光機電信息;2010年07期

7 ;我國半導體/絕緣高分子復合材料研究取得重大突破最新發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)新[J];科技傳播;2010年14期

8 ;我國半導體/絕緣高分子復合材料研究取得重大突破[J];人工晶體學報;2010年S1期

9 ;我國半導體/絕緣高分子復合材料研究取得重大突破[J];材料導報;2010年14期

10 ;半導體/絕緣高分子復合材料研究取得重大突破[J];傳感器世界;2010年07期

相關會議論文 前10條

1 黃玉東;;高分子復合材料研究進展(摘要)[A];中國科協(xié)2001年學術年會分會場特邀報告匯編[C];2001年

2 王明;郭少云;李姜;沈佳斌;許雙禧;;共擠出法制備交替多層高分子復合材料[A];2006年全國高分子材料科學與工程研討會論文集[C];2006年

3 李家柱;林安;甘復興;;高分子復合材料的環(huán)境試驗[A];第六屆全國表面工程學術會議暨首屆青年表面工程學術論壇論文集[C];2006年

4 李家柱;林安;甘復興;;高分子復合材料的環(huán)境試驗[A];第六屆全國表面工程學術會議論文集[C];2006年

5 代坤;鄭國強;朱熒科;劉春太;申長雨;;具有導電超細纖維網(wǎng)絡的高分子復合材料[A];2011年全國高分子學術論文報告會論文摘要集[C];2011年

6 邱波;李青山;劉紫妤;;中紅外光譜技術在高分子復合材料中的應用[A];全國第十四屆紅外加熱暨紅外醫(yī)學發(fā)展研討會論文及論文摘要集[C];2013年

7 姚李娜;陳建剛;劉忠文;劉昭鐵;;超臨界二氧化碳中碳纖維/含氟高分子復合材料的合成[A];2009年全國高分子學術論文報告會論文摘要集（下冊）[C];2009年

8 解孝林;周興平;黃樂平;楊挺青;;兩類高分子復合材料的流變特性[A];中國力學學會學術大會'2005論文摘要集（上）[C];2005年

9 楊蓓蓓;盧凌彬;文峰;張志濤;曹陽;;羥基磷灰石／天然高分子復合材料的研究進展[A];2006年全國功能材料學術年會專輯[C];2006年

10 陳W，

本文編號：1420510